Comprehensive monitoring of chlorinated aromatic and heteroaromatic pollutants at sites contaminated by chlorine production processes to inform policy making  

作　　者：Takumi Takasuga Hiroaki Takemori Teru Yamamoto Kazuo Higashino Yuko Sasaki Roland Weber 

机构地区：[1]Shimadzu Techno Research,INC.,1,Nishinokyo Shimoaicho Nakagyo-ku,Kyoto,604-8436,Japan [2]Tokyo Metropolitan Government,8-1 Nishi-Shinjuku 2-chome,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo,163-8001,Japan [3]The Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection,1-7-5 Shinsuna Koto-ku,Tokyo,136-0075,Japan [4]POPs Environmental Consulting,Lindenfirststr.23,73527,Schw€abisch Gmünd,Germany

出　　处：《Emerging Contaminants》2020年第1期133-142,共10页新兴污染物（英文）

摘　　要：The production of chlorine by the chlor-alkali process using graphite electrodes was one of the largest sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)in history with estimates in the kg TEQ range for individual factories.In addition,the chlorine production predecessor processes in the former Leblanc soda factories generated large amounts of PCDD/PCDFs,also in kg TEQ range for individual sites.In both processes coal tar,used as pitch binder for electrodes in the chlor-alkali process or tars for sealing chlorine chambers,was the major source for PCDD/PCDFs formation.The complex PAH mixture in the tars which were chlorinated in the processes contained approx.1%dibenzofuran.Therefore in this study we screened the full range of chlorinated aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds in contaminated soils from former chlor-alkali plants in Germany and Japan as well as from a German Leblanc factory,using high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry GC-HR-TOF-MS.At all three sites the full range of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants(POPs)listed in the Stockholm Convention(PCDFs,PCDDs,PCBs,PCNs,HCB,HCBD and PeCBz)were present at high ppb levels and TEQ was up to several 100,000 ng/kg soil in hot spot areas.Additionally,a wide range of other polychlorinated(PC-)PAHs(PC-phenanthrene/anthracene,PC-pyrene/fluoranthene,PC-benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene)were detected.Some of these compound classes were present in one to two order of magnitude higher concentrations compared to PCDFs.Furthermore,polychlorinated methyldibenzofurans,polychlorinated dimethyl-/ethyl-dibenzofurans,and polychlorinated carbazoles e the N-analogue of dibenzofuran-were detected at levels comparable to PCDFs at all three sites.Polychlorinated benzonitriles were detected in addition to chlorobenzenes as monoaromatic pollutant.Since all three factories have stopped production 50e120 years ago,all detected chlorinated aromatics can be regarded as very persistent.The technologies have been used in several hundred loca

关 键 词：Unintentional POPs PCDD/PCDFs Polychlorinated carbazoles Chlorinated PAHs Complex mixtures Fingerprint 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]