一种新的测定偏摩尔体积方法探究  

A New Improved Method for Determination of Partial Molar Volume

作　　者：王金虎[1] 罗海南[1] 夏雁青[1] 刘春丽[1] 张琳 Wang Jinhu;Luo Hainan;Xia Yanqing;Liu Chunli;Zhang Lin(Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,Zaozhuang University,Zaozhuang 277160,China)

机构地区：[1]枣庄学院化学化工与材料科学学院,山东277160

出　　处：《山东化工》2021年第2期101-104,共4页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：枣庄学院化学化工与材料科学学院一流本科课程(HXY2020YLKC10)。

摘　　要：溶液偏摩尔体积是物理化学非常重要的一个物性参数,而其测定实验更是很多高等院校普遍开设的一门物理化学实验项目。学生实验普遍采用比重瓶法来测量偏摩尔体积。针对偏摩尔体积测定过程中比重瓶毛细管存在体积流失的情况,我们对比重瓶毛细管进行了膜处理和针管补液两种干预方案。在方法探究阶段实验选定乙醇溶液为研究对象,通过研究膜处理、针管补液和没有干预处理的对照组三种情况下的溶液中比容以及各组分的偏摩尔体积,发现无论是溶液比容还是各个组分偏摩尔体积在膜处理和针管补液两种方案下具有较好的重合性,并且都比没有处理的对照组要低很多,说明采用这两种方式可以有效降低测量误差。在方法验证阶段发现无论在毛细管膜处理还是在针管补液方式下乙酸溶液的比容,以及各组分的偏摩尔体积也都可以比较好的重现,证明这两种研究方法具有一定的推广应用价值。Solution of the partial molar volume is one important physical parameters of the physical chemistry.Measurement of the partial molar volume is a common physical chemistry experiment for many colleges and universities.Student experiment widely uses pycnometer method to measure partial molar volume.In view of volume loss in the process of pycnometer capillary for the measurement of the partial molar volume,two intervention methods of membrane processing and needle fluid addition are adopted.In method exploration stage of experiment,ethanol solution is selected as the research object.By studying specific volume and the partial molar volume of each composition in solution for three cases of membrane processing and needle fluid addition as well as no intervention of the control group,partial molar volumes of membrane processing and meedle fluid addition are found to have good coincidence,which are lower than that of data in the control group without treatment.Analyses indicate that these two approaches can effectively reduce the error of measurement.Furthermore,in method validation stage of experiment,specific volume capillary as well as the partial molar volume of each composition under the condition of membrane processing and needle fluid addition for the acetic acid solution also can better be reproduced,proving that these two kinds of research methods has much value of popularization and application.

关 键 词：乙醇溶液 乙酸溶液 膜处理 针管补液 偏摩尔体积 

分 类 号：O6-339[理学—化学]