饲粮氮硫比对藏羔羊瘤胃发育及微生物菌群结构和功能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Nitrogen to Sulfur Ratio on Rumen Development,Microbial Community Structure and Function of Tibetan Lambs

作　　者：闫小兰 李鹏翔 侯生珍[1] 魏涛 贾建磊[1] YAN Xiaolan;LI Pengxiang;HOU Shengzhen;WEI Tao;JIA Jianlei(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Xining 810016,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Penglai City,Yantai 265600,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [3]山东省烟台市蓬莱市畜牧兽医站,烟台265600

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第2期974-985,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660662);青海省自然科学应用基础(2020-ZJ-735);青海大学国家重点试验(2019-ZJ-02)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮氮硫比对藏羔羊瘤胃发育及瘤胃微生物菌群结构和功能的影响。选取初始条件相似的60日龄断奶藏羊羔羊150只,随机分为5组,每组30只。各组饲粮的氮硫比分别为10.5∶1.0(A组)、9.0∶1.0(B组)、7.5∶1.0(C组)、6.0∶1.0(D组)、4.5∶1.0(E组)。预试期5 d,正试期120 d。试验结束时,每组随机屠宰6只,采集瘤胃组织和瘤胃内容物,分析饲粮氮硫比对瘤胃组织形态和瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量以及瘤胃细菌群落结构及其功能的影响。结果显示:1)B组瘤胃乳头长度、黏膜下层厚度以及肌层厚度显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),B、C、D组瘤胃乳头宽度显著高于A、E组(P<0.05),B、E组瘤胃乳头密度显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),C组瘤胃角化层厚度显著高于其他4组(P<0.05)。2)B组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸含量显著高于其他4组(P<0.05)。3)B、C组Shannon指数显著高于A组(P<0.05),A组Simpson指数显著高于其他4组(P<0.05),B组Chao1指数和ACE指数显著高于其他4组(P<0.05)。4)各组的优势菌门均为为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),A组厚壁菌门相对丰度显著高于C组(P<0.05)。各组的优势菌科均为毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、克里斯滕森氏菌科(Christensenellacea)、韦荣氏球菌科(Veillonellaceae)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae),D组毛螺菌科相对丰度显著高于A、B、E组(P<0.05),A组韦荣氏球菌科相对丰度显著高于C、D组(P<0.05)。5)功能预测分析结果显示,瘤胃内菌群功能主要集中在碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢。综上所述,饲粮氮硫比为9.0∶1.0时瘤胃组织形态发育较好,瘤胃液中VFA含量较高,瘤胃微生物的相对丰度及多样性较高。因此,饲粮氮硫比为9.0∶1.0更能经济有效地促进瘤胃发育和改善羔羊瘤胃微生物区系结构。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary nitrogen to sulfur ratio on rumen development,microbial community structure and function of Tibetan lambs.One hundred and fifty 60-day-old Tibetan lambs with similar initial conditions were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 30 lambs in each group.The dietary nitrogen to sulfur ratios of five groups were 10.5∶1.0(group A),9.0∶1.0(group B),7.5∶1.0(group C),6.0∶1.0(group D)and 4.5∶1.0(group E),respectively.The pre-experimental period lasted for 5 days,and the experimental period lasted for 120 days.At the end of the experimental,6 animals were randomly slaughtered in each group,collected the rumen tissue and rumen contents,analyzed the effects of dietary nitrogen to sulfur ratio on rumen tissue morphology,rumen fluid volatile fatty acid(VFA)contents and rumen bacterial community structure and function.The results showed as follows:1)the rumen papillary height,submucosa thickness and muscular layer thickness of group B were significantly higher than those of other 4 groups(P<0.05),the rumen papillary width of groups B,C and D was significantly higher than that of groups A and E(P<0.05),the rumen papillary density of groups B and E was significantly higher than that of other 3 groups(P<0.05),and the rumen stratum corneum thickness of group C was significantly higher than that of other 4 groups(P<0.05).2)The contents of total volatile fatty acids(TVFA),acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and isobutyric acid in rumen fluid of group B were significantly higher than those of other 4 groups(P<0.05).3)The Shannon index of groups B and C was significantly higher than that of group A(P<0.05),the Simpson index of group A was significantly higher than that of other 4 groups(P<0.05),and the Chao 1 index and ACE index of group B were significantly higher than those of other 4 groups(P<0.05).4)The Firmicutes was the dominant bacterial phylum in each groups,and the Firmicutes relative abundance of group A was significantly higher than t

关 键 词：蛋氨酸 氮硫比 瘤胃上皮组织形态 挥发性脂肪酸 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]