红壤区涌泉根灌双点源入渗水氮运移特性  

Characteristics of soil water and nitrogen transport in duel-point infiltration under surge-root irrigation for red soil region

作　　者：代智光 赵新宇[2] 胡盛明[2] DAI Zhiguang;ZHAO Xinyu;HU Shengming(College of Agricultural Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China;School of Hydraulic and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330099, China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农业工程学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]南昌工程学院水利与生态工程学院,江西南昌330099

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期229-234,241,共7页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52069016);江西省水利厅科技项目(201921YBKT19);江西省科技厅自然科学基金资助项目(20192BAB216037);中国农科院水资源安全高效利用重点开发实验室开放基金资助项目(2019BB02)。

摘　　要：通过大田试验,设5个肥液浓度,观测土壤累积入渗量、湿润锋运移、湿润体内土壤水分及铵态氮和硝态氮的运移特性.结果表明:肥液浓度分别为0、0.46、1.39、3.24和5.55 mmol·L^-1时,湿润锋的交汇时间分别为201、198、187、179和171 min,交汇时间与肥液浓度呈指数函数关系;肥液浓度越大,累计入渗量和交汇面处湿润锋运移距离也越大,湿润锋运移距离与入渗历时呈对数函数关系;灌水结束时,肥液浓度越大,同一土层内土壤含水率、湿润体内铵态氮和硝态氮含量均越高,但分布存在差异;距灌水器5~15 cm处,土壤含水率急剧下降,距灌水器15~25 cm处,土壤含水率减小幅度较小;湿润体内铵态氮主要分布在土层深度0~60 cm内,距灌水器越近,铵态氮的含量越大,交汇作用对铵态氮分布影响就越小;湿润体内硝态氮的含量在土层深度为40~60 cm时最大,在水平方向,距灌水器5 cm处硝态氮的含量最大,15 cm处硝态氮的含量最小.Through the field infiltration experiment,setting five concentrations of fertilizer solution,the cumulative infiltration volume,the migration distance of wet front,the soil moisture and the migration of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were determined.The results show that when the concentrations of fertilizer solution are 0,0.46,1.39,3.24,and 5.55 mmol·L^-1,the wetting fronts intersection time are 201,198,187,179,and 171 min,respectively,and the relationship between intersection time and fertilizer solution concentration exhibits exponential function.With the increasing of the concentration of fertilizer solution,the cumulative infiltration volume of soil and the migration distance of wet front at intersection are increased,while the relationship between migration distance of wet front and infiltration duration exhibits logarithmic function.At the end of irrigation,with the increasing of the concentration of fertilizer solution,the soil moisture content and the mass concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in wet body are all increased in the same soil layer,while the distributions of water and nitrogen are different.At the distance of 5 cm to 15 cm from the irrigator,the soil moisture content is droped sharply,while at the distance of 15 cm to 25 cm,the decreasing of soil moisture content is small.The ammonium nitrogen in wet body is mainly distributed from 0 cm to 60 cm.In the area near to the irrigator,the content of ammonium nitrogen is increased,and the interaction has slight effect on the distribution of ammonium nitrogen.The nitrate nitrogen in wet body has the largest content for the soil depth from 40 cm to 60 cm.At the horizontal direction,the content of nitrate nitrogen at 5 cm from the irrigator is the largest,and the smallest content of that is at 15 cm from the emitter.

关 键 词：红壤 肥液 涌泉根灌技术 水氮运移 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]