海洋测高卫星三频体制设计及电离层误差分析  

The Ku/Ka/C Triple Frequency Combination System Design and Ionospheric Error Analysis of Ocean Altimetry Satellite

作　　者：翟振和 张义生[1,2] 管斌 马健 ZHAI Zhenhe;ZHANG Yisheng;GUAN Bin;MA Jian(State Key Laboratory of Geo-information Engineering,Beijing 100029,China;Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《海洋测绘》2020年第6期6-10,共5页Hydrographic Surveying and Charting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41674082)。

摘　　要：针对海洋测高卫星未来发展趋势,提出了Ku/Ka/C三频高度计进行组合测距的设想。给出了高度计相位中心至海面距离的随机误差模型,分析表明电离层延迟改正是影响海面高测量分辨率和精度的重要因素。其次利用典型电离层参数计算表明电离层2阶以上项对高度计测距的影响在毫米级以下,可忽略其影响。通过计算分析,在1 Hz采样且不滤波条件下,Ka/C组合改正电离层1阶项精度可优于3 mm,基本消除电离层的影响,测距总精度达到3.5 cm。通过Ku/C/Ka三频组合测距误差分析,三频电离层改正残余误差比双频改正更大,因此如果采用三频组合测距体制,则建议在数据处理中采取Ku/C、Ka/C组合形式改正电离层,这种体制可充分利用各频段特点,进一步提高宽阔海域、冰区、近海区域的海面测量精度和有效数据比例。In view of the development trend of ocean altimetry satellite in the future,the design idea of Ku/Ka/C triple frequency combination system is proposed,that is,one altimeter antenna with triple frequencies(13.5 GHz,35.7 GHz,5.3 GHz) for combined ranging is proposed.Firstly,the random error model of the distance between the phase center of the altimeter and the sea surface is given.The analysis shows that the ionospheric correction error is one of the important factors.Secondly,the calculation of typical ionospheric parameters shows that the influence of ionospheric second order term on altimeter ranging is below mm level,which can be ignored.By using the rigorous expression of the first-order correction of the double frequency ionosphere model,the ionospheric correction accuracy of Ka/C combination is better than 3 mm under the condition of 1 Hz sampling,which basically eliminating the influence of ionosphere,and the total ranging accuracy of Ka/C combination is 3.5 cm.The analysis of Ku/Ka/C combination shows that the ionospheric correction error is larger than that of dual frequency combination.If the triple frequency combination ranging system is adopted,it is suggested to adopt Ku/C,Ka/C combination respectively to correct the ionosphere in data processing,and the triple frequency combination system can make full use of the characteristics of each frequency band to further improve the effective data ratio of wide sea area,ice area and offshore area.

关 键 词：海洋卫星测高 波形重跟踪 海况偏差 双频组合 三频组合 电离层 

分 类 号：P228.3[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]