利他保险合同下任意解除权的利益失衡与解决路径  

The Interest Imbalance and Solution of the Right of Optional Cancellation under Altruistic Insurance Contract

作　　者：何丽新[1] 陈诺 He Lixin;Chen Nuo

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第1期101-111,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“普惠保险协同社会治理现代化研究”(项目编号:20720191065)。

摘　　要：在利他保险合同下,我国保险法赋予投保人较强"任意性"的合同解除权,此造成被保险人或受益人保险金请求权的落空,有违"利他"之初衷。《保险法司法解释三》虽以被保险人或受益人的"赎买权"维系利他保险合同的存续,但却难以切实实施。借以行政法比例原则的适合性、必要性以及比例性三个子原则对投保人任意解除权制度予以审查,投保人任意解除权制度的目的虽然正当,但是所采取的手段与其目的不相匹配,应当对投保人任意解除权的行使进行限制。在我国的保险合同的框架下,当投保人与被保险人或受益人非为同一人时,尽管被保险人居于保险保障的核心地位,但对其合同利益的保护尚未达到足以突破合同相对性的程度,仍应以投保人作为合同当事人行使利他保险合同的解除权,且限于保险合同成立后至保险事故发生前行使。投保人解除利他保险合同前,应履行通知被保险人或受益人的义务,以满足被保险人或受益人对解除合同的知情权,从而保障被保险人或受益人"赎买权"。同时,投保人解除权的限制不仅仅包括对其积极解除合同行为的限制,还应当包括对其特定情形下消极不解除合同行为的限制,全面衡平利他保险合同下投保人、被保险人和受益人三方利益。Under altruistic insurance contracts,the insured enjoys a strong"arbitrary"right to rescind the contract according to China Insurance Law.This results in the failure of the insured or beneficiary’s claim for insurance compensation,which runs counter to the original intention of"altruism".Although the Judicial Interpretation of Insurance LawⅢmaintains the existence of altruistic insurance contract with the"right of redemption"of the insured or beneficiary,it is difficult to put it into place.The system of policy-holder’s Arbitrary Termination Right is examined by the three sub-principles of the principle of proportionality in administrative law:Suitability,Necessity and Proportionality.Although the purpose of the system of policy-holder’s right to terminate the contract arbitrarily is legitimate,the means adopted do not match its purpose,and the exercise of the Arbitrary Termination Right should be restricted.Under the framework of the insurance contract in China,when the policy-holder and the insured or the beneficiary are not the same person,even the insured is at the core of insurance protection,the protection of its contractual interests has not reached to the level to break through the relativity of the contract.In such case,the policy-holder should still exercise the right to rescind the altruistic insurance contract as the party to the contract,and it should be exercised only after the establishment of the insurance contract and before the occurrence of the insurance accident.Before rescinding the altruistic insurance contract,the policy-holder should perform the obligation of notifying the insured or beneficiary to satisfy the insured or beneficiary’s right to know about the termination of the contract,so as to protect the"redemption right"of the insured or beneficiary.At the same time,the restriction of the policy-holder’s right to rescind the contract includes not only the restriction on the active termination of the contract,but also on the negative non-termination of the contract under spec

关 键 词：利他保险合同 保险金请求权 合同解除权 限制 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]