从否定词看上古汉语否定范畴的编码模式——兼论汉语否定性无定代词的产生与消亡  

Coding Modes of Negative Category in Negative Words of Ancient Chinese and Generation and Disappearance of Negative Indefinite Pronouns in Chinese

作　　者：向贤文 XIANG Xianwen(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《龙岩学院学报》2021年第1期36-42,53,共8页Journal of Longyan University

摘　　要：上古汉语的否定范畴有两种编码模式:由否定副词和否定动词表现出的直接编码和由否定性无定代词表现出的混合编码。后者的核心,即否定性无定代词可以归并为一个“亡”。其来源于否定性存在动词“亡”,产生的源构式是“亡+不若”,动因是组并理据和焦点理据的竞争,时间是殷商时代。汉代以后,因为汉语语音系统调整和表达方式的变化而衰落消失。Of the negation category in ancient Chinese,there exist two coding modes:one is the direct coding shown by negative adverbs and negative verbs and the other one is the mixed coding shown by negative indefinite pronouns.The core of the latter,that is,negative indefinite pronouns can be classified as a character wang,which comes from the negative existential verb wang,the source construction is“wang+bu ruo”,which is caused by the competition between the incorporative motivation and the motivation of focus.The time when this happened was the Shang Dynasty,and after the Han Dynasty,because of the adjustment of the Chinese voice system and the expression changes,the negative indefinite pronouns in Chinese disappeared.

关 键 词：编码模式 否定性无定代词 “亡” 组并理据 焦点理据 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]