不同湖泊表层沉积物氮形态的分布特征与影响因素  

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of nitrogen forms in surface sediments of different lakes

作　　者：赵宝刚 张夏彬[1] 昝逢宇[1] 胡晓康 潘婷 刘敏[1] ZHAO Bao-gang;ZHANG Xia-bin;ZAN Feng-yu;HU Xiao-kang;PAN Ting;LIU Min(College of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2021年第2期837-847,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41303085);“水体污染控制与治理”科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-002)。

摘　　要：为了揭示东部平原骆马湖、高邮湖、滆湖和阳澄湖四个湖泊沉积物中氮的分布特征及其影响因素,采用分级浸取法研究了湖泊表层沉积物中离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸可浸取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱可浸取态氮(SAEF-N)、强氧化剂可浸取态氮(SOEF-N)这四种可转化态氮(TTN)和非转化态氮(NTN)的赋存特征,并结合沉积物粒度、pH值、总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP)含量等理化性质,利用多元统计分析了影响各形态氮分布的主要因素.结果表明:四个湖中氮均以TTN为主,且四个湖泊中TTN含量组成均表现为SOEF-N最高,IEF-N最低.沉积物中IEF-N、SOEF-N和NTN的空间分布趋势均与总氮(TN)一致;四种形态TTN的含量均表现为滆湖、阳澄湖高于骆马湖、高邮湖,其中骆马湖中各氮形态空间变化最大,主要与该湖中水生植物分布不均和大量采砂活动有关.IEF-N与TN呈极显著相关性,说明IEF-N的变化趋势与TN类似,TN含量在一定程度上可反映湖泊内源污染释放的高低.pH值、粒径对氮形态的影响较小,而C/N、磷输入、TOC均不同程度的影响着氮形态的含量及分布,尤其以P和TOC最为明显.In order to reveal the distribution characteristics of nitrogen in lake sediments of Lake Luoma,Lake Gaoyou,Lake Gehu and Lake Yangcheng in the Eastern Plain and their influence factors,sequential extraction method was employed to determine transferable total nitrogen(TTN)which includes ion exchangeable form nitrogen(IEF-N),weak acid extractable form nitrogen(WAEF-N),strong alkali extractable form nitrogen(SAEF-N)and strong oxidant extractable form nitrogen(SOEF-N),as well as non-extractable form nitrogen(NTN)in sediment.Multivariate statistical analysis combined with physical and chemical properties of sediments such as particle size,pH,content of total organic carbon(TOC)and total phosphorus(TP)were used to discuss the main factors influencing nitrogen distribution.The results showed that TTN was the main form of nitrogen in the sediments of four lakes,SOEF-N was the highest form and IEF-N was the lowest fraction for all the four lakes.The spatial distribution trend of IEF-N,SOEF-N和NTN in the sediments was consistent with that of total nitrogen(TN);the content of TTN in Lake Gehu and Lake Yangcheng was higher than that in Lake Luoma and Lake Gaoyou,Luoma Lake showed the highest spatial variation for different nitrogen forms in four lakes,due to uneven distribution of aquatic plant and a large number of sand mining activities.IEF-N was extremely significantly correlated with TN,suggesting that the change trend of IEF-N was similar to that of TN,which could reflect the level of endogenous pollution release to a certain extent.pH and particle size had a weak influence on nitrogen forms,which ratio of C/N,P input and TOC affected the content and distribution of nitrogen forms in varying degrees,especially for P input and TOC.

关 键 词：湖泊 沉积物 氮形态 分布特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]