土壤施硅对小麦和麦蚜的影响  

Effects of silicon application on the wheat and wheat aphids in the soil

作　　者：闫甲 王怡 李迁[1] 王倩[1] 谭晓玲[1] 陈巨莲[1] YAN Jia;WANG Yi;LI Qian;WANG Qian;TAN Xiaoling;CHEN Julian(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2020年第6期1228-1233,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201700);国家自然科学基金(31700343)。

摘　　要：为明确土壤施硅对小麦蚜虫的防控效果,本研究在小麦种植前分别配施0(CK)、40、80和120 kg/hm^2四个浓度的硅肥,测量施硅后小麦生育期、生物量、叶面积、株高、产量指标以及荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi发生量。结果表明,施硅对小麦株高和穗数无显著影响,但80 kg/hm^2和120 kg/hm^2浓度施硅处理后小麦叶面积分别为1786.03 mm^2和2033.54 mm^2,生物量分别为133.68 g和134.50 g,小麦穗粒数分别为35.61粒和35.92粒,小麦千粒重分别为45.34 g和45.59 g,小麦产量分别为9684.45 kg/hm^2和9835.05 kg/hm^2,均显著高于对照,且小麦成熟期较对照提前3 d;80 kg/hm^2和120 kg/hm^2浓度施硅处理后禾谷缢管蚜发生量分别为90头和86头,均显著低于对照;40、80和120 kg/hm^2浓度施硅处理后荻草谷网蚜发生量分别为128、117和105头,均显著低于对照。因此,田间土壤施硅80 kg/hm^2和120 kg/hm^2可以明显改善小麦农艺性状,提高小麦产量,并能减少麦蚜发生量。In order to clarify the prevention and control effect of soil-application of silicon on wheat aphids,four concentrations(0,40,80 and 120 kg/hm^2)of silicon fertilizers(SiO2)were respectively applied in the soil of the wheat field before wheat planting.Growth period,biomass,leaf area,plant height,yield of the wheat,and the average amounts of Indian grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi and bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were investigated.The results showed that silicon treatments had no significant effect on plant height and panicle number,but silicon treatments with 80 kg/hm^2,120 kg/hm^2 significantly increased the leaf area,biomass,number of grains per spike,one-thousand-grain weight and wheat yield.The leaf area biomass,number of grains per spike,one-thousand-grain weight,and wheat yield were 1786.03 mm^2 and 2033.54 mm^2,133.68 g and 134.50 g,35.61 and 35.92,45.34 g and45.29 g,9684.45 kg/hm^2 and 9835.05 kg/hm^2,in the silicon treatments of 80 kg/hm^2 and 120 kg/hm^2,respectively.Moreover,silicon treatments advanced the maturity of wheat by three days.The average amount of R.padi in wheat treated with 80 kg/hm^2(90)and 120 kg/hm^2(86)silicon were significantly lower than that in the control,whereas 40 kg/hm^2(128),80 kg/hm^2(117)and 120 kg/hm^2(105)silicon treatments significantly reduced the average amount of S.miscanthi compared to the control.Taken together,soil-application of 80 kg/hm^2 and 120 kg/hm^2 significantly improved the agronomic traits of wheat,increased the wheat yield,and reduced the amount of wheat aphids.

关 键 词：土壤 施硅 小麦 生育性状 麦蚜 生态调控 

分 类 号：S435.122.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]