灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累与发病率的影响  

Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilization amount on active ingredient accumulation and morbidity of Panax notoginseng

作　　者：唐建楷 韩焕豪 刘冰 杨启良[1] 刘小刚[1] 刘艳伟[1] Tang Jiankai;Han Huanhao;Liu Bing;Yang Qiliang;Liu Xiaogang;Liu Yanwei(College of Agriculture and Food,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;College of Information Engineering and Automation,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学农业与食品学院,昆明650500 [2]昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第24期55-63,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779113,51979134);云南省高校重点实验室项目(KKPS201923009)。

摘　　要：为探明灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累及发病率的影响,以2年生三七为试验对象,设置W1(3d灌1次水)、W2(5 d灌1次水)、W3(7 d灌1次水)、W4(9 d灌1次水)4个灌水频率和F1(75 kg/hm^2)、F2(150 kg/hm^2)2个施肥水平,采用完全组合设计,共8个处理,分析三七生长形态、光合特性、有效成分含量与发病率对不同灌水频率和施肥量耦合规律的响应情况。结果表明:1)随着灌水频率的降低,三七净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势均呈先增加后减小趋势,且W2处理下三七净光合速率和叶水势最大。2)不同处理的株高、茎粗、叶长及叶宽变化趋势大致相同且均在果期达到最大,W1F2处理利于三七株高、叶宽的生长,W2F2处理利于三七茎粗、叶长的生长。3)W3F2处理下有效成分积累量最大,为1084.93 mg/kg。4)随着灌水频率的降低,三七根腐病、黑斑病发病率整体呈下降趋势,干叶病呈递增趋势;同一灌水频率下,F2处理发病率总体上相对F1处理略高。综合以上结果,微喷灌施肥条件下次低频灌水W3(7 d灌1次水)和高肥F2(150 kg/hm^2)组合处理适宜三七叶片生长,且三七根中有效成分积累多,发病率低。该研究对优化三七水肥管理,实现三七绿色可持续发展具有重要理论及指导意义。Panax notoginseng is a type of well-known traditional Chinese medicine.The root of Panax notoginseng has many healing effects on the blood system,cardiovascular system,brain,vascular system,nervous system,metabolism,and immune regulation.As the main herbal producing area,Yunnan province has planted Panax notoginseng from 4300 hm^2 in 2006 to 20000 hm^2 in 2016,increasing by 3.7 times.Output quantity has nearly doubled increased from 3.78×10^6 kg in 2006 to 7×10^6 kg in 2016.Nevertheless,the per unit area yield of Panax notoginseng decreased from 900 kg/hm^2 in 2003 to 350 kg/hm^2 in 2016,released by a current comparative analysis.Two reasons can contribute to the decrease:1)The unreasonable management of water and fertilizer can lead to frequent occurrence of Panax notoginseng diseases,due possibly to the growth of Panax notoginseng is sensitive to soil moisture and nutrients,liking shade and wet environment.2)3-7 years are highly demanding for Panax notoginseng from planting to harvest.Continuous cropping obstacles in the planting process are also leading to the decreased yield with the increased incidence of disease.To increase Panax notoginseng yield,large amounts of chemical,organic and foliar fertilizers are used to promote Panax notoginseng growth,while large amounts of pesticides are sprayed to control the planting diseases.This study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount on active component accumulation,and morbidity of Panax notoginseng.The native 2-year-old Panax notoginseng was chosen as experiment material.A field experiment was conducted during growing seasons in an experimental Panax notoginseng base in Kunming University of Science and Technology.Four levels of irrigation frequency were set:W1(3 d irrigation once),W2(5 d irrigation once),W3(7 d irrigation once),and W4(9 d irrigation once).Two fertilizer levels were F1(75 kg/hm^2)and F2(150 kg/hm^2).A complete combination was adopted with a total of 8 treatments.The results showed that with the reduce of irr

关 键 词：灌水 肥料 三七 发病率 有效成分 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]