以自由驯服民主:约翰·密尔政治思想的使命  

Taming Democracy with Freedom:On the Mission of John Mill’s Political Thought

作　　者：黎宇清 LI Yu-qing(Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《阴山学刊》2021年第1期101-105,共5页Yinshan Academic Journal

摘　　要：面对启蒙和革命年代遗留下来的思想困局,约翰·密尔将问题之肯綮锁定在自由与民主的话语竞争上,并着力应对由人民主权理念之多数原则造成的对个人自由的威胁。为此,密尔以经验论、科学主义和进步主义为基础,通过功利原则论证了对个性自由和少数人权利加以保护的必要性,并将粗糙含混的自由理念阐发为明确规则化的自由原则,用以规范个人行为同政府或社会约束之间的界限。最后,密尔设计出以精英原则为制约的代议民主制以取代人民主权所属意的平民政府。经此,以主权问题为核心的民主理念渐为自由所驯服,开始走向以竞争性选举为主要表征的自由民主理念。John Mill took the competition between liberal and democratic as the key problem in his era,and put forth effort to deal with the threat to individual liberty posed by the majority principle of popular sovereignty.To this end,based on empiricism,scientism,and progressivism,Mill argued the need to protect individual liberty and minority rights through utilitarian principles,and specified the crude and vague notion of liberty into a clear principle of freedom to regulate the boundaries between individual behavior and governmental or social constraints.Finally,Mill devised a representative democratic government governed by elite principles,to replace the popular government recommended by the idea of popular sovereignty.The conception of democracy,with the issue of sovereignty at its core,was gradually tamed by liberty and began to move towards a liberal democracy with competitive elections as its main manifestation.

关 键 词：人民主权 多数暴政 进步主义 自由原则 代议制政府 

分 类 号：D091.4[政治法律—政治学]