户用生物质采暖炉具污染物排放基准氧含量取值的探讨与建议  

Discussion and Suggestion on the Value of Baseline Oxygen Content for Pollutant Emissions of Household Biomass Heating Stove

作　　者：单明[1] 邢永杰[2] 邓梦思 刘彦青 李定凯 杨旭东[1] SHAN Ming;XING Yong-jie;DENG Meng-si;LIU Yan-qing;LI Ding-kai;YANG Xu-dong(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Beijing 100744,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084 [2]北京市科学技术委员会,北京100744

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2021年第2期265-271,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2018YFD1100702);清华大学山西清洁能源研究院种子基金;住房和城乡建设部研究项目(建村[2020]16号)。

摘　　要：推广生物质成型燃料高效清洁利用是实施乡村振兴战略、促进北方农村清洁取暖工作的重要举措,而是否具备针对户用生物质采暖炉具的适用性标准是决定该技术能否良性发展的关键。笔者分析了目前民用生物质炉具的排放标准现状,并以常见的3种生物质颗粒和2种煤为例,基于工业分析结果,对两者完全燃烧所需理论空气量和理论烟气排放量进行计算分析,发现生物质燃料自身较高的含氧量导致其完全燃烧所需空气量和理论烟气排放量明显低于燃煤,由此指出了户用生物质炉具排放标准直接参照燃煤炉基准氧含量的不合理性。综合目前国内生物质成型燃料炉具技术水准和国外相关排放标准,建议我国户用生物质炉具合理的污染物排放浓度折算氧含量(质量分数)标准由原来的9%改为13%~15%。Promoting the efficient and clean utilization of densified biomass fuel is an important measure to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of clean heating in rural areas of Northern China.Designing applicable standards for household biomass heating stoves is the key factor to ensure the benign development of this technology.This paper analyzed the actual situation of domestic biomass stove emission standards by taking five common fuels(three types of pellets and two types of coals)as examples.Based on the industrial analysis results,both quantity of air required for complete combustion and the theoretical flue gas emissions were calculated.The results show that the air required for complete combustion and the theoretical flue gas emissions from biomass pellets were significantly less than coal due to biomass itself containing more oxygen element.Therefore it is unreasonable to directly adopt the benchmark oxygen content of coal-fired stove for biomass stove emission standard.Based on the current technical level of domestic biomass stoves and relevant emission standards abroad,it is suggested that the reasonable pollutant emission concentration of domestic household biomass stoves should be converted into oxygen content from 9%to 13%-15%.

关 键 词：户用生物质采暖炉具 清洁取暖 污染物排放 基准氧含量 

分 类 号：X323[环境科学与工程—环境工程]