基于时间轴的上海市4次传染病疫情应对措施和结果分析  

Analysis on the response measures and outcomes of four epidemics of infectious diseases in Shanghai based on a time axis

作　　者：李小攀[1] 周弋[1] 薛曹怡[1] 陈亦晨 叶楚楚[1] 陈涵一[1] 周一心 LI Xiao-pan;ZHOU Yi;XUE Cao-yi;CHEN Yi-chen;YE Chu-chu;CHEN Han-yi;ZHOU Yi-xin(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Pudong New Area,Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心,复旦大学浦东新区预防医学研究院,上海200136

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2021年第1期67-72,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生和计划生育委员会领先人才培养项目(PWRI2016-02);上海市浦东新区卫生和计划生育委员会优秀青年医学人才培养项目(PWRq2017-33)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较上海市应对2003年非典(SARS-CoV)、2009年甲型流感(H1N1)、2013年禽流感(H7N9)和2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的措施和结果,为当地突发公共卫生事件的应急处置提供参考。【方法】通过文献整理,基于疫情发展时间轴,采用关键事件分析法,从政府措施、防治体系建设、科技支撑、社会动员和防治结果等层面比较4次疫情的应对措施和结果。【结果】上海市积极应对2003—2020年的4次传染病疫情,明确疫情首月即灵活施政,“关闭活禽市场”和“三个闭环+四个100%”等防控措施积极有力,疫情防控效果显著且事后均对突发公共卫生事件防控体系有所增益。但上海市突发公共卫生事件防控体系建设未能跟上经济发展步伐,多数为疫情后建设,且存在一事一办,临时组建队伍和制定措施,个人、家庭和各行业无基础操作规范和指南而难以发挥由下而上灵活应对的作用等问题。【结论】从疫情防控的战略、战术和操作层面构建群众参与的联防联控措施并定期演练,可能是传染病疫情常态化防控的有效措施。[Objective]To compare the response measures and outcomes of SARS-CoV(2003),H1N1 influenza(2009),H7N9 influenza(2013)and COVID-19(2020)in Shanghai and provide scientific evidence for the emergency response of public health emergencies.[Methods]We compared the response measures and outcomes of the four epidemics in Shanghai in the aspects of government response,prevention and control system,scientific and technological support,social mobilization and prevention effects,using critical incident analysis based on the time axis of the epidemics from literature review.[Results]In response to the four epidemics of infectious diseases occurred in 2003-2020,Shanghai has generally made some significant effort and flexible measures in the first month of the epidemics,including“closure of live poultry markets”and“three closed-loops and four 100%coverage”and other specific prevention and control measures,which have enhanced the prevention and control system.However,we identified that the construction of prevention and control system for public health emergencies remained inefficient,compared to rapid economic development.The majority of the construction measures were principally post-epidemic.In addition,there were many challenges,such as passive response,temporary response teams and measures,and difficulties in the flexible bottom-up response for residents,families and industries without standard operating procedure and guidelines.[Conclusion]It may be an effective measure for the prevention and control of infectious diseases to build joint prevention and control measures with mass participation and regular drills,in the perspectives of strategic,tactical and operational levels of epidemic prevention and control.

关 键 词：传染病 突发公共卫生事件 时间轴 上海 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]