7km/s以上超高速发射技术研究进展  

Advances on the techniques of ultrahigh-velocity launch above 7 km/s

作　　者：罗斌强[1] 张旭平[1] 郝龙[1] 莫建军[1] 王桂吉[1] 宋振飞[1] 谭福利[1] 王翔[1] 赵剑衡 LUO Binqiang;ZHANG Xuping;HAO Long;MO Jianjun;WANG Guiji;SONG Zhenfei;TAN Fuli;WANG Xiang;ZHAO Jianheng(Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,Sichuan,China;Institute of Applied Electronics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,四川绵阳621999 [2]中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2021年第2期1-11,共11页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：介绍了毫克至克量级弹丸7 km/s以上超高速发射技术的国内外研究进展,并对各发射装置的工作原理和技术要素进行了简要阐述。基于电磁驱动准等熵加载,美国ZR装置驱动25 mm×13 mm×1.0 mm铝飞片至46 km/s速度,国内CQ系列磁驱动加载装置实现了10 mm×6 mm×0.33 mm铝飞片18 km/s的发射。借助于金属箔电爆炸产生高压气体驱动,美国利弗莫尔实验室100 kV电炮装置驱动9.5 mm×9.5 mm×0.3 mm的Kapton膜至18 km/s,国内流体物理研究所98 kJ和200 kJ电炮装置分别驱动Φ10 mm×0.2 mm Mylar飞片和Φ21 mm×0.5 mm Mylar飞片到10 km/s。基于阻抗梯度飞片技术,采用汇聚型和非汇聚型结构三级轻气炮,实现了厘米量级铝飞片和TC4钛飞片12~15 km/s速度发射。这些超高速驱动技术的发展,为空间碎片防护研究提供了坚实的技术支持。Advances on ultrahigh-velocity launch techniques were introduced,which involving magnetically-driven metallic flyer,metallic foil electrically explosion driven plastic flyer and three-stage light gas gun based on graded density impactor(GDI)driven flyer techniques.The magnetically-driven flyer technique utilizes the Lorentz force produced by the interact of intense current and strong magnetic field to accelerate a metallic flyer shocklessly,and a 25 mm×13 mm×1.0 mm aluminum flyer was launched to 46 km/s on the ZR machnine at Sandia National Laboratory(SNL).This technique has been developed in Institute of Fluid Physics(IFP)since 2008,series compact pulsed power generators such as CQ-1.5,CQ-4,CQ-7 with increasing loading capability in turn,were established and hypervelocity metallic flyer launching experiments were conducted.The shape of the loading electrode for launching a flyer was optimized by using a magnetic hydrodynamic code,and an aluminum flyer with the initial sizes of 10 mm×6 mm×0.33 mm was accelerated to 18 km/s within a distance of up to several millimeters.The metallic foil electrically-explosion driven flyer technique,usually named as electrical gun(EG),uses the highpressure gas produced by electrical exploding of a metal foil to accelerate a plastic flyer.A Kapton flyer with the sizes of 9.5 mm×9.5 mm×0.3 mm was accelerated to 18 km/s in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.The electrical gun technique has been developed in IFP since 2006,series electrical guns with increasing loading capability were established,namely 14.4-kJ EG,98-kJ EG and 200-kJ EG.A unified numerical simulation program was developed to give insight to the progress of metallic foil electrical explosion and to optimize the experimental designs.By using 98-kJ and 200-kJ electric guns,the Mylar flyers with the sizes of Φ10 mm×0.2 mm and Φ21 mm×0.5 mm and the mass of hundreds of milligrams were launched up to 10 km/s.A three-stage light gas gun based on GDI transfers the kinetic energy of a GDI to a metallic flyer shock

关 键 词：超高速发射技术 磁驱动飞片 电炮 三级轻气炮 

分 类 号：O385[理学—流体力学]