钨合金弹体对混凝土靶的超高速侵彻机理  

Mechanism on hypervelocity penetration of a tungsten alloy projectile into a concrete target

作　　者：周刚[1] 李名锐[1] 文鹤鸣[2] 钱秉文[1] 索涛[3] 陈春林[1] 马坤[1] 冯娜[1] ZHOU Gang;LI Mingrui;WEN Heming;QIAN Bingwen;SUO Tao;CHEN Chunlin;MA Kun;FENG Na(Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an 710024,Shaanxi,China;Department of Modern Mechanics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,Anhui,China;School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北核技术研究所,陕西西安710024 [2]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,安徽合肥230027 [3]西北工业大学航空学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2021年第2期89-102,共14页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11402213,11772269)。

摘　　要：为研究钨合金弹体超高速侵彻混凝土靶的相关机理,构建了适用于超高速撞击的金属强度模型、失效模型和混凝土的本构模型,对93钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶问题进行了数值模拟。开展了钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶实验,分析了靶板成坑特性,研究了侵彻总深度和残余弹体长度随撞击速度的变化规律,理论分析了长杆钨弹超高速撞击混凝土的侵彻模型和混凝土靶内的应力波传播。得到以下主要结论:(1)利用金属及混凝土的新本构模型获得的超高速撞击混凝土靶的破坏形貌数值模拟结果与实验结果一致;(2)超高速撞击条件下混凝土靶成坑为“弹坑+弹洞”形,成坑体积与弹体动能近似成正比;(3)超高速撞击条件下,侵彻深度随弹速提高呈现先增大后减小的现象,高速段侵深降低是弹体经历销蚀侵彻后“刚体侵彻阶段”减少造成的;(4)建立的钨合金超高速撞击混凝土侵彻分析模型,可用来预估侵彻深度、残余弹长、蘑菇头直径等参数;(5)采用建立的超高速撞击混凝土靶内应力波传播理论模型得到的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。To investigate the hypervelocity impact mechanism of a tungsten alloy projectile on a concrete target,a new dynamic plasticity-based failure model for metal was developed by introducing Lode angle,dynamic enhancement factor,temperature softening term and stress triaxiality,and a new constitutive model for concrete was proposed by introducing strain rate effect,pressure dependence,Lode angle and free water effect.The advanced measurement technologies were introduced to determine the dynamic mechanical behaviors of materials,then the materials parameters were used to numerically simulate the hypervelocity penetration of a tungsten alloy projectile into a concrete target.Based on a 57/10 two-stage light gas gun,the experiments were carried out on the hypervelocity impact of the tungsten alloy projectile on the concrete target.And according to the computed tomography scanning images of the damaged concrete targets,the crater characteristics in the targets were analyzed.Then the relationships of the total penetration depth and the residual length of the projectile with the initial impact velocity of the projectile were obtained.The penetration of the projectile and the stress wave propagation in the concrete target were analyzed by the theoretical method.The achieved results are as follows.(1)By utilizing the new constitutive models for the metal and concrete,the failure morphology of the concrete derived from numerical simulation is consistent with that from the experiment.(2)The craters are structured by spalling areas and projectile holes,the transverse failure effect shows a significant advantage over low-velocity penetration,and the volume of craters is approximately proportional to the kinetic energy of projectiles.(3)The penetration depth increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the impact velocities,the decrease of the penetration depth under high velocity is due to the decrease of the rigid penetration stage after the erosive penetration stage.(4)A theoretical penetration model is proposed,w

关 键 词：超高速撞击 钨合金 混凝土靶 本构模型 侵彻模型 应力波传播模型 

分 类 号：O385[理学—流体力学]