不同机械化秸秆还田方式对棉花生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effect of different mechanization methods of straw returning on growth,yield and quality of cotton

作　　者：王静[1] 陈兵[2] 王吉亮[2] 卢勇涛[2] 王敏[2] 宋勇 韩焕勇[2] 王方永[2] WANG Jing;CHEN Bing;WANG Jiliang;LU Yongtao;WANG Ming;SONG Yong;HAN Huanyong;WANG Fangyong(Institute of Water Conservation and Architectural Engineering,Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational College,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,Chia;Cotton Institute,Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi,Xinjiang,832000,China;Agronomy College of Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆石河子职业技术学院水利建筑工程分院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832003 [3]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第1期18-24,56,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部公益专项(201503136-11);新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2016AA001-4);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域创新团队建设计划(2017CB011)。

摘　　要：设置5种不同机械化秸秆还田处理,包括:卧式棉秆春季常规还田(HT1)、棉花整秆起拔不还田(HT2)、卧式常规粉碎还田后起拔棉根不还田(HT3)、卧式常规粉碎还田后起拔棉根粉碎全量还田(HT4)、立式常规粉碎还田(HT5,CK),对不同机械化秸秆还田方式下棉花生长发育指标和产量品质特征进行分析。结果表明:处理HT1出苗率最低,与其他处理(HT2~5)差异显著,HT2~4出苗率与对照(HT5)基本持平。整个生育期各处理的生物量、叶面积指数差异较大,为143.90~6594.24 kg·hm^-2、0.6~2.1;株高在苗期和蕾期差异显著(2~6 cm);果枝台数和叶龄仅在蕾期差异显著。各处理除单铃重差异不大(4.87~5.59 g)外,单株铃数、收获株数均差异显著。不同机械化秸秆还田方式产量存在差异,其中HT1处理减产最大,为2065.8 kg·hm^-2,与其他处理差异达显著水平,HT2、HT3较对照增产261.90 kg·hm^-2、316.65 kg·hm^-2,HT4较对照减产265.95 kg·hm^-2。HT1~4的绒长、比强度、整齐度、伸长率、成熟度指数和纺织均匀度指数大于对照0.58~1.05 mm,2.27~5.46 CN·tex-1,1.6%~2.5%,0.26%~0.46%,0.01~0.02,21~232;短纤维指数小于对照0.9%~1.33%;马克隆值有增有减。HT1、HT4处理降低了棉花效益,分别亏损了15583.5元·hm^-2、3153.75元·hm^-2,HT2、HT3增加了棉花效益,分别盈利了1334.25元·hm^-2、1684.88元·hm^-2。不同机械化还田方式对棉花生长发育特征及产量品质产生了较大的影响,综合考虑推荐棉花整秆起拔不还田、卧式常规粉碎还田后起拔棉根不还田在生产中应用。To compare the effects of different mechanical straw returning methods on the growth,development,yield,and quality of cotton,and provide a theoretical and practical basis for rational use of straw mulching in production,a comparative field experiment was conducted in 2016.The experiment was designed with five treatments including:Returned plant in spring by horizontal type(HT1);No returned plant after being plucked(HT2);No returned plant root after being plucked but returned plant by horizontal type(HT3);Returned full plant after being plucked root by horizontal type(HT4);Returned plant by vertical type(HT5:).Through investigation and sampling in cotton fields,the cotton characteristics of growth,yield,and quality were analyzed by variance analysis.The seedling emergence rate of treatment HT1 was the lowest,which was significantly different from the other treatments(HT2~5).The seedling emergence rate of HT2~4 were the same as that of CK.During the whole growth period,the biomass of HT1~5 and the leaf area index had significant difference,143.90~6594.24 kg·hm^-2,0.6~2.1,respectively.The plant height was significantly different between 2~6 cm between seedling stage and bud stage,the number of branches and leaf age was 0.1~1,and only significant at the bud stage.In addition to the single boll weight(4.87~5.59 g).It was significantly different to boll number per plant of 3.66,harvested plant of 103500 plant·hm^-2,in HT1~5.The yield was significantly different about 2327.7 kg·hm^-2.Compared with CK,HT1 deducted the yield about 2065.8 kg·hm^-2,HT2 and HT3 increased the yield about 261.90 kg·hm^-2,316.65 kg·hm^-2,respectively.HT4 reduced the yield about 265.95 kg·hm^-2.The LEN,STR,UI,ELG,MR,and SCI were all higher than that of CK about 0.58~1.05 mm,2.27~5.46 CN·tex-1,1.6%~2.5%,0.26%~0.46%,0.01~0.02,21~232,respectively;SFI was lower than CK by 0.9%~1.33%,MIC was up and down,and they were all significant difference.HT1 and HT4 reduced the cotton benefit by 15583.50,3153.75 yuan·hm^-2,respectively,and HT2 and HT3

关 键 词：机械化秸秆还田方式 棉花 生长发育 产量 品质 效益 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]