畜禽粪便生态肥配方筛选及对温室土壤理化性质、酶活性和黄瓜品质的影响  

Screening of ecological fertilizer formula of livestock and poultry manure and its effect on soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity and cucumber quality in greenhouse

作　　者：张晓雯 毛涛 赵蕊 刘金荣[3] 秦嘉海 ZHANG Xiaoweng;MAO Tao;ZHAO Rui;LIU Jinrong;QIN Jiahai(Jiayuguan Ecological and Environmental Bureau,Jiayuguan,Gansu 735100,China;Cultivated Land Quality Management Station of Zhangye City,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China;College of Grassland Agriculture Science and Technology College,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020,China;Hexi Institute College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhangye,Gansu 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉峪关市生态环境局,甘肃嘉峪关735100 [2]张掖市耕地质量建设管理站,甘肃张掖734000 [3]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州734000 [4]河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第1期119-127,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅项目(2018GSNYNC012)。

摘　　要：为了解决长期施用化肥导致温室土壤质量下降,黄瓜品质和产量低而不稳以及畜禽粪便对乡村生态环境污染的问题,在甘肃省张掖市甘州区温室内,进行了畜禽粪便生态肥配方筛选及对温室土壤理化性质及酶活性和黄瓜品质影响的研究。结果表明:畜禽粪便生态肥配方组合比例为:牛羊粪组合肥0.8849∶黄瓜专用肥0.1150∶生物菌肥0.0001,最大利润施肥量为34 t·hm^-2;施用畜禽粪便生态肥改善了土壤理化性质,提高了有机质、酶活性和黄瓜品质和效益,而常规化肥则提高了土壤全盐和黄瓜硝酸盐含量,对土壤有机碳、有机碳密度、容重、孔隙度和团聚体无显著影响;畜禽粪便生态肥与常规化肥处理比较,土壤容重、pH值、全盐、真菌和黄瓜硝酸盐降低了11.89%、1.21%、19.93%、10.79%和5.22%,有机质、有机碳、供碳量和有机碳密度增加21.07%、21.01%、30.91%和6.65%,总孔隙度、团聚体和阳离子交换量(CEC)增加13.93%、14.97%和15.72%,细菌、放线菌、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性增加12.40%、12.94%、3.12%、3.231%、17.63%和11.25%,黄瓜可溶性糖、蛋白质、固形物和Vc含量增加6.89%、8.75%、7.56%和10.80%,单瓜重、单株瓜重、产量、施肥利润和肥料投资效率增加7.51%、6.69%、5.42%、1.59万元·hm-2和1.66元·元-1。施用畜禽粪便生态肥提高了温室土壤有机质及酶活性和黄瓜产量,改善了土壤理化性质和黄瓜品质。In order to solve the problems caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizer in greenhouse soil quality decline,cucumber quality,low and unstable yield,and livestock manure to the rural ecological environment pollution,a field experiment was carried out to screen the ecological fertilizer formula of livestock and poultry manure and to study the effects on the soil physicochemical properties,enzyme activity,and cucumber quality in a greenhouse in Ganzhou district,Zhangye city,Gansu Province.The results showed that the combination ratio of livestock and poultry manure ecological fertilizer formula was:cattle and sheep manure 0.8849∶special fertilizer for cucumber 0.1150∶biological fertilizer 0.0001 in a cow and sheep manure group with the maximum profit application rate was 34 t·hm^-2.The application of livestock manure ecological fertilizer improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil,improved the organic matter,enzyme activity,and the quality and benefit of cucumber,while the conventional fertilizer increased the content of total salt and nitrate in the soil,with no significant change in organic carbon,organic carbon density,bulk density,porosity,and aggregates.Compared with conventional fertilizers,soil bulk density,pH value,total salt,fungus and cucumber nitrate decreased by 11.89%,1.21%,19.93%,10.79%,and 5.22%.Organic matter,organic carbon,carbon supply,and organic carbon density increased by 21.07%,21.01%,30.91%,and 6.65%,respectively.Total porosity,aggregates,and CEC increased by 13.93%,14.97%,and 15.72%,respectively.The activity of bacteria,actinomycetes,urease,phosphatase,sucrose,and polyphenol oxidase increased by 12.40%,12.94%,3.12%,3.231%,17.63%,and 11.25%,respectively.Soluble sugar,protein,solids,and Vc in cucumber increased by 6.89%,8.75%,7.56%,and 10.80%,respectively.Single melon weight,single plant melon weight,yield,fertilization profit,and fertilizer investment efficiency increased by 7.51%,6.69%,5.42%,15900.00 yuan·hm-2,and 1.66 yuan·yuan-1,respectively.The applicatio

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 生态肥 温室 土壤理化性质 酶活性 黄瓜 品质 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S642.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]