基于刚柔匹配的桥梁柔性防撞装置研究  

Research on Flexible Anti-collision Device for Bridges Based on Rigid-Flexible Matching

作　　者：王飞[1,2] 吕忠达[1] 赵卓[1] 王永刚[2] WANG Fei;LYU Zhong-da;ZHAO Zhuo;WANG Yong-gang(Engineering Research Center of Industrial Construction in Civil Engineering of Zhejiang Province,Ningbo University of Technology,Ningbo 315211,China;Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering,Ministry of Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波工程学院浙江省土木工程工业化建造工程技术研究中心,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《桥梁建设》2021年第1期82-87,共6页Bridge Construction

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ20E080012);宁波市自然科学基金项目(202003N4171);宁波市科技创新2025重大专项项目(2019B10076)。

摘　　要：为避免船舶与桥墩相撞时两者出现较大损伤,基于刚柔匹配、柔性导向原理,提出在桥墩上设置一种由外钢围、防撞圈和内钢围构成的新型柔性防撞装置,对比分析分别设置普通刚性防撞装置与该新型柔性防撞装置的情况下,船舶正撞及斜撞防撞墩时防撞装置与船舶的动力学行为、能量转换关系,并进行实船撞击试验验证新型装置防撞效果。结果表明:新型柔性防撞装置可将船舶撞击的集中力转化为分布力,相比于普通刚性防撞装置,正撞时最大撞击力降低了56%,撞击时间延长了84%,斜撞时最大撞击力降低了37%,撞击时间延长了67%,提高了防撞效率;刚柔匹配的柔性防撞装置可有效拨转船舶航向,降低了撞击过程中的能量交换。实船撞击试验结果表明:新型柔性防撞装置整体安全、可靠,能较好地应用于桥墩防撞中。When a pier is hit by a ship,both the pier and ship are likely to subject to severe damage.Based on the rigid-flexible matching and flexible guiding principle,a new type of flexible anti-collision device for piers is proposed,which consists of an external steel enclosure,anti-collision rings and an internal steel enclosure.The dynamic properties of the anti-collison device and energy-conversion relationship between the device and the ship in the head-on collision and side collision events were analyzed and compared,when equipped with conventional rigid collision device and new type of flexible anti-collision device,respectively.Tests were carried out to verify the anti-collision effect of the new device.The results show that compared with the conventional anti-collision device,the new type of anti-collision device can convert the centered collision force to scattered force,allowing the maximum head-on collision force of the ship to be reduced by 56%and the collision duration to be extended by 84%;what's more,the maximum side collision force is reduced by 37%,and the collision duration is extended by 67%,improving the collision resistance of the pier.The flexible anti-collision device based on rigid-flexible matching can effectively steer the moving direction of the ship and reduce the energy transmission in the collision process.Tests on the real bridge show that the new type of flexible anti-collision device is safe and reliable,which is a better collision protection solution for piers.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 船桥碰撞 柔性防撞装置 刚柔匹配 撞击力 撞击时间 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U443.26[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]