马来海松基环氧纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Maleopimaric-based Epoxy Nanocomposite

作　　者：陶潘 吴程宇 毛世英 王美鑫 李健[1] TAO Pan;WU Chengyu;MAO Shiying;WANG Meixin;LI Jian(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2021年第1期7-14,共8页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFD0600402)。

摘　　要：以松香为原料,通过Diels-Alder加成制备了马来海松酸酐(MPA),再经过酯化、闭环反应得到了马来海松基环氧树脂(MPA-ER),并用FT-IR和1 H NMR对MPA和MPA-ER的结构进行了表征。进一步将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与MPA-ER共混制备了一系列的MPA-ER/MWCNTs复合材料,对其力学性能和热性能进行了表征,并探究了不同MWCNTs添加量对马来海松基环氧纳米复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。研究结果表明:FT-IR和1 H NMR证实成功制备了MPA和MPA-ER。MWCNTs在MPA-ER中分散均匀,断面具有河流状纹路,MWCNTs的添加使得MPA-ER/MWCNTs的力学性能显著提高,当MWCNTs的添加量为1.2%(以MPA-ER质量计,下同)时,复合材料MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)的力学性能达到最优,冲击韧性、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率分别为15.11 kJ/m^2、40.42 MPa、105.45 MPa和14.80%,与MPA-ER相比分别增加了159%、160%、102%和135%。同时,锥形量热测试中MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)复合材料的峰值热释放速率和残炭率分别为324 kW/m 2和9.18%,与MPA-ER相比,峰值热释放速率下降了14%,残炭率增加了68%,表明MWCNTs的添加使得MPA-ER/MWCNTs的热稳定性和阻燃性有所提高,MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)复合材料阻燃性能的提高主要归因于添加MWCNTs有效地增加了环氧树脂的交联密度,使其在内部形成比较致密的炭层,进而通过部分隔绝外部热量和空气来达到阻燃的效果。Maleopimaric anhydride(MPA)was prepared from rosin by Diels-Alder addition,and then maleopimaric epoxy resin(MPA-ER)was prepared by esterification and closed-loop reaction.The structures of MPA and MPA-ER were characterized by FT-IR and 1 H NMR.A series of MPA-ER/MWCNTs composites were prepared by blending multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)with MPA-ER,the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were characterized,and the effects of MWCNTs addition on the mechanical and thermal properties of maleopimaric epoxy nanocomposites were investigated.The results of FT-IR and 1 H NMR showed that MPA and MPA-ER were successfully prepared.MWCNTs were well dispersed in MPA-ER,and the cross-section had river-shaped texture features.The mechanical properties of MPA-ER/MWCNTs were significantly improved by adding MWCNTs.When the addition of MWCNTs was 1.2%(calculated by the mass of MPA-ER,similarly hereinafter),the mechanical properties of the composite MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)were optimized.Its impact toughness,tensile strength,bending strength and elongation at break were 15.11 kJ/m 2,40.42 MPa,105.45 MPa and 14.80%,which increased by 159%,160%,102%and 135%compared with those of MPA-ER,respectively.At the same time,in cone calorimeter test,the peak heat release rate and carbon residue rate of MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)composite were 324 kW/m^2 and 9.18%,respectively.Compared with MPA-ER,the peak heat release rate decreased by 14%,and the carbon residue rate increased by 68%,which indicated that the addition of MWCNTs also improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of MPA-ER/MWCNTs.The improvement of flame retardancy of MPA-ER/MWCNTs(1.2)composites was mainly attributed to the effective increase of crosslinking density of epoxy resin by adding MWCNTs,and forming a relatively dense carbon layer in the interior of epoxy resin,and then the flame retardant effect was achieved by partially isolating the external heat and air.

关 键 词：松香 环氧树脂 碳纳米管 复合材料 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程] S785[农业科学—林学]