火星土壤中水分提取方法研究及模拟实验  

Study on Water Extraction Methods from Martian Soil and the Simulation Experiment

作　　者：李丹明[1] 李毅 LI Danming;LI Yi(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physical Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《载人航天》2021年第1期10-14,共5页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天领域预先研究项目(030202)。

摘　　要：针对未来火星基地的建设及其水源问题,基于火星原位资源利用理念,依据火星土壤中水分的赋存形式,提出了一种使处于低气压环境中含水量少的土壤在太阳光加热下发生升华、进而凝结成霜的方法,对其原理可行性进行了分析计算。在此基础上设计搭建了相应的模拟实验装置,并利用模拟火星土壤进行了实验验证。结果表明:水分凝结量随加热时间持续增多;开始时水分凝结量随时间快速增加,随后增加量减缓,这是由于模拟土壤中的水冰含量随着升华而逐渐减少;在火星表面基本环境条件下,应用此方法可以从含有微量结晶水的土壤中采集到水分。Water scarcity is a great challenge for the Mars base in the future.Adopting the concept of the Martian in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)and considering the existence form of water in the Martian soil,a water extraction method was proposed which could sublimate water from the low moisture content Martian soil in low air pressure environment with sunlight heating and then condense it into frost.The feasibility of its principle was analyzed and calculated,the simulation experiment device was designed and produced,and the simulated Martian soil was used to test and verify the water extraction technology.The results showed that the condensed water content increased with the heating time,but the rapid increase at the beginning slowed down gradually due to the decreased water ice content in the simulated Martian soil with the sublimation.The results demonstrated that water could be extracted from the Martian soil containing crystalline water under the condition of Martian surface environment.

关 键 词：火星土壤 原位制取水 升华 有限差分法 

分 类 号：V419.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]