载人登月航天器推进系统方案选择分析  

Propulsion System Selection and Analysis for Manned Lunar Spacecraft

作　　者：孙兴亮 高峰[1] 董云冉 牛津桥[3] 郝平[1] 黄震[1] SUN Xingliang;GAO Feng;DONG Yunran;NIU Jinqiao;HAO Ping;HUANG Zhen(Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Unisyue Technologies,Beijing 100083,China;Unit 63993 of the PLA,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院总体设计部,北京100094 [2]紫光恒越技术有限公司,北京100083 [3]中国人民解放军63993部队,北京101100

出　　处：《载人航天》2021年第1期40-46,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天领域预先研究项目(060201)。

摘　　要：载人登月航天器完成近月制动和着陆下降等空间任务,需要装载大量推进剂,推进系统方案选择是航天器总体方案设计优化的重要组成部分。建立了推进系统关键组件设计仿真模型,仿真分析了推进系统质量和干重系数随推进剂装载量的变化规律,并对比了20 t级载人登月航天器挤压和泵压推进系统方案。结果表明:推进系统方案质量与推进剂装载量有关,推进剂装载量越大,泵压推进系统轻量化优势越大,主要由泵压系统贮箱质量较轻导致;球形封头贮箱轻量化可采用增加贮箱封头直径的技术途径,椭球形封头贮箱轻量化可采用增加贮箱圆柱段长度的技术途径;对20 t级载人登月航天器算例进行仿真分析表明,从实现系统轻量化角度出发,宜选用泵压推进系统方案。Large amount of liquid chemical propellant needs to be loaded in the manned lunar spacecraft to complete the perilune braking and the descent operations.The selection of the propulsion system scheme is an important part of the spacecraft design optimization.In this paper,the numerical simulation model for the key components in the propulsion system was established.The weight and dry weight coefficient of key components changing with the propellant load was analyzed by simulation,and the weight of pressure-fed and pump-fed propulsion system of a 20-ton manned lunar spacecraft was calculated and compared.The results showed that when the propellant load was small,the pump-fed system had no advantage,the advantages of pump-fed system became apparent with the increase of the propellant load due to the light weight of the propellant tank in pump-fed system.The essential approach to achieve lightweight design of the spherical head tank was to increase the spherical head diameter,while the essential approach to achieve lightweight design of the spheroidal head tank was to increase the cylinder length.The simulation analysis showed that for the 20-ton manned lunar spacecraft,the pump-fed propulsion scheme was an optimal selection considering the light weight of the whole system.

关 键 词：载人月球探测 航天器 推进系统 仿真分析 

分 类 号：V423.6[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]