黑龙江流域分布式水文模型研究  

Distributed hydrological model of Heilongjiang River basin

作　　者：李明亮 杨大文[2] 侯杰 肖鹏 邢西刚 LI Mingliang;YANG Dawen;HOU Jie;XIAO Peng;XING Xigang(General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design,MWR,Beijing 100120;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120 [2]清华大学,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2021年第1期65-75,共11页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0407306)。

摘　　要：黑龙江是高纬度寒区界河,防洪问题突出,模型研究较少。本文建立黑龙江流域空间信息库,构建了基于物理机制的黑龙江流域分布式水文模型GBHM-HLJ。其中引入冻土导水率随冻融期温度指数型变化的概化模型,模拟土壤冻融循环对水分运移的影响。率定期和验证期10个主要站点日均流量模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均在0.73以上,月均流量模拟的决定系数在0.82以上。模拟的流域平均雪水当量逐月数据与2014—2019年FY-3C卫星遥感反演数据进行对比,决定系数为0.83。干流控制站哈巴罗夫斯克站1960—1990年日均流量模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数为0.90,历年最大日均流量模拟的决定系数为0.72。黑龙江流域分布式水文模型为研究流域水文规律和干支流洪水特征提供了基础。Heilongjiang(Amur)River is a boundary river in high latitude cold region with prominent flood control problems,yet few studies have been carried out from the perspective of the river basin.This paper establishes a spatial information database of the Heilongjiang basin and constructs a physicallybased distributed hydrological model or GBHM-HLJ model.This model uses a generalized model,featured with an exponential variation in the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil with temperature,to simulate the influence of soil freezing and thawing cycles on water flow.For model calibration and validation periods,the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of daily discharge at the ten main stations are all greater than 0.73,and the coefficients of determination of monthly discharge all greater than 0.82.The simulated monthly average of snow precipitations over the basin is compared with the FY-3C satellite remote sensing data of 2014-2019,showing a coefficient of determination of 0.83.For the main stream control station Khabarovsk in the period of 1960-1990,this efficiency coefficients of its daily discharge and annual maximum daily discharge simulations are 0.90 and 0.72,respectively.Our model lays a basis for further hydrological study of the basin and its main and tributary streams.

关 键 词：分布式水文模型 寒区 洪水 土壤导水率 黑龙江 界河 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]