Early specializations for mimicry and defense in a Jurassic stick insect  

作　　者：Hongru Yang Chaofan Shi Michael S.Engel Zhipeng Zhao Dong Ren Taiping Gao 

机构地区：[1]College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China [2]School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources&Geological Processes,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [3]Division of Entomology,Natural History Museum,and Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology,University of Kansas,Lawrence,KS 66045,USA [4]Division of Invertebrate Zoology,American Museum of Natural History,New York,NY 10024,USA

出　　处：《National Science Review》2021年第1期142-151,共10页国家科学评论（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730087 and 41688103 to D.R.,31872277to T.P.G.);the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-17R75);Support Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities(IDHT20180518)to D.R;supported by the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China(171016)。

摘　　要：Mimicry and secondary defense are staples among predator–prey interactions.Among insects,the stick and leaf insects are masters of camouflage.Nonetheless,a meager understanding of their origin and early mimetic evolution persists.Here,we report the earliest mimetic and defensive strategies of a stick insect from the Middle Jurassic of China,Aclistophasma echinulatum gen.et sp.nov.,exquisitely preserving abdominal extensions and femoral spines.The distribution of these characteristics mapped onto the phylogeny of Phasmatodea reveals that abdominal extensions and femoral spines developed multiple times during the evolution of stick insects,and indicates that the origin of abdominal extensions predates other modifications,while tergal extensions predate other expansions of the body,such as those of the sterna and pleura,as well as defensive femoral spines.The new fossil provides clues into early antipredator defensive strategies,allows inferences as to the potential environment and predators,and reveals the mimetic and defensive mechanisms of stick insects from 165 million years ago.

关 键 词：Susumanioidea PHYLOGENY evolution abdominal extension antipredator strategy 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]