美国的政治秩序衰败乱象与“脱困”评析  

On the Decline and Chaos of the US Political Order and"Difficulty Elimination"

作　　者：周敏凯[1,2] Zhou Minkai

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院 [2]上海政治学会

出　　处：《学术前沿》2020年第23期82-89,共8页Frontiers

摘　　要：当下,美国政治秩序衰败与国家治理乱象史无前例,令世人瞠目结舌。辩证唯物观视野下,美国政治秩序衰败与国家治理乱象与美国国内经济和社会因素直接相关,文化上对美式民主盲目自信而陷入"历史终结论"迷思、民主价值理念的僵化等因素也是美国发生国家治理乱象的重要原因,而政治秩序衰败的基本制度缘由则涉及维护政治任命的"政党分赃"腐败、庇护家族世袭腐败、否决制政党政治加剧社会分裂等层面。少数政治精英意识到美国政体改革的迫切性,但美国社会对美式民主盲目自信的社会氛围甚浓,任何政治改革实施都非常艰难。对美式民主摆脱困境的期待能否实现,尚需拭目以待。At present,the decline of US political order and the chaos of its national governance are unprecedented,which has astonished the world.From the perspective of dialectical materialism,the decline of US political order and the chaos of national governance are directly attributable to the US domestic economic and social factors.Cultural blind confidence in US democracy leads to the myth of "the end of history" and the ossification of democratic values are also important factors in the occurrence of national governance chaos in the US.In contrast,the basic institutional causes of the decline of political order include corruption aimed at ensuring "political parties share the spoils" through political appointment and protecting the family heredity,and also include the widened social division due to the veto system of party politics.A small number of political elites are aware of the urgency of political reform in the US,but the social atmosphere of blind confidence in the US democracy is very strong,causing political reform of whatever kind to be extremely difficult.It remains to be seen whether the expectation of resolving the predicament of US democracy can be realized.

关 键 词：美式民主 政治秩序衰败 国家治理乱象 脱困 

分 类 号：D8[政治法律—政治学]