低温环境对人体运动神经肌肉控制能力的影响——对15名男性大学生的研究  

Effects of Low Temperatures on Neuromuscular Control in Humans:A Study of 15 Male College Students

作　　者：何辉[1] 陈晓可 杨宇晴 HE Hui;CHEN Xiao-ke;YANG Yu-qing(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2020年第11期119-126,共8页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：科技冬奥重点研发项目(项目编号:2018YFFO300405);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(项目编号:校2020036)。

摘　　要：目的:通过对比分析常温与低温暴露对男大学生下肢动态平衡、Y平衡以及突发性失衡控制能力的差异,旨在探讨低温环境对人体下肢神经肌肉控制能力影响。方法:招募15名无姿势控制损伤的健康男性大学生,分别在常温(15~17℃)和低温(-7^-10℃)环境下对其进行动态平衡、Y平衡以及下肢突发性失衡测试。分析动态平衡测试中的最终得分、小球在中心区域停留时间、横轴和纵轴中心区所占时间百分比、平均旋转角速度和最大旋转角速度等;Y平衡测试中各腿最长延伸距离和综合延伸距离;突发性失衡测试,既在受试者静止站立时给其单腿造成一个突发性的失衡,分析支撑腿主要发力肌肉平均功率频率、放电时间、肌电积分以及肌电积分总和。结果:1)低温环境下,动态平衡测试得分(14 811.06±2 042.72)显著低于常温(16 205.31±536.53),小球在中心区域停留时间(27.49 s±4.32 s)显著低于常温(29.58 s±1.17 s),在横轴中心区所占时间百分比(34.38%±12.03%)显著低于常温(42.75%±13.61%),平均旋转角速度(4.06 s±1.65 s)显著高于常温(3.43 s±1.35 s)。2)低温下Y平衡左腿综合得分(105.38±9.858)显著低于常温(108.06±9.504),右腿综合得分(104.19±10.827)显著低于常温(108.50±11.06);3)在突发性失衡测试中,低温下各肌肉放电时间和积分肌电显著增加(P <0.05),平均功率频率具有下降趋势。结论:低温暴露导致神经控制肌肉协调收缩的能力降低,机体动态平衡能力和肌肉关节的延展性降低,肌肉放电时间和肌电积分增加。Objective This study analyzed the differences between normal temperature and low temperature exposure in dynamic balance,Y balance and the ability to control sudden imbalance of the male college students,so as to investigate the effect of low temperature environment on the neuromuscular control ability of human lower limbs.Methods Fifteen healthy male college students without postural injury were recruited and tested for dynamic balance,Y balance and sudden lower limbs imbalance under room temperature(15~17℃) and low temperature(-7^-10℃).In the the dynamic balance test,the final score,the residence time of the ball in the central region,the percentage of time in the center of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis,the average and maximum rotational angular velocity were analyzed.In the Y balance test,the longest extension distance and comprehensive extension distance of each leg was analyzed.The longest extension distance and comprehensive extension distance of each leg in Y balance test.The sudden imbalance test,which causes a sudden imbalance in one leg of the subject when standing still,analyzes the mean power frequency,discharge time,iEMG and sum of iEMG of the supporting leg main muscles of the subject.Results 1.At low temperature,the subjects’ score of dynamic balance test(14811.06±2 042.72),the residence time of the small ball in the central area(27.49 s±4.32 s),and the percentage of time occupied by the horizontal center area(34.38%±12.03%) was significantly lower than that at room temperature(16 205.31±536.53)(29.58 s±1.17 s)(42.75%±13.61%),respectively.The mean rotational angular velocity at low temperature(4.06 s±1.65 s) was significantly higher than that at room temperature(3.43 s±1.35 s).2.In Y balance test,the comprehensive score of the left leg(105.38±9.858) and the right leg(104.19±10.827) at low temperature was significantly lower than that at room temperature(108.06±9.504)(108.50±11.06),respectively.3.In the sudden imbalance test,the discharge time and integral electromyogra

关 键 词：低温环境 动态平衡 神经肌肉控制 

分 类 号：G804.61[文化科学—运动人体科学]