日本职业足球甲级联赛中足球移民的特点和变化  

Football Migrants in the J.League:Features and Trends

作　　者：藤田智博 王静(译)[2] FUJITA Tomohiro;WANG Jing(Graduate School of Human Sciences,Osaka University,Osaka,565-0871;School of International Sports Organization,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]大阪大学人类科学研究生院,日本大阪府565-0871 [2]北京体育大学国际体育组织学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2020年第12期142-148,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：从与欧洲相比较的立场,研究考察日本职业足球甲级联赛(简称J1联赛)中足球移民的特点。所谓足球移民,是指以离开祖国,受雇于他国俱乐部的职业足球运动员。自1993年日本J1联赛创建开始,许多人就认识到足球移民发挥的重要作用,然而先行研究并未就此进行深入探讨。因此,在以欧洲联赛为基础的先行研究基础上,旨在探明日本J1联赛中足球移民的特点。考察内容主要有2点:1)日本J1联赛中的足球移民是否与欧洲足球联赛具有相同的倾向,即后者来自南美、前南斯拉夫和非洲的运动员占比较高;2)J1联赛创立之初和之后的时间段里,是否能观察到足球移民在出生国籍、年龄等方面的变化。分析所用的数据来源于J1联赛开赛前市售的足球运动员名簿,从中获取了1993—2011年各赛季和各球队中足球移民的出生国、地域和年龄等信息。数据分析结果表明,日本J1联赛中来自巴西和前南斯拉夫等足球移民占比较高。这与欧洲联赛具有相似之处。另一方面,日本J1联赛中来自韩国的足球移民所占比例较高,而来自非洲的足球移民较少。这显示出日本独特的倾向。同时研究表明,与J1联赛创建之初相比,日本足球移民在出生国和地域方面的多样性不断减少,平均年龄也呈下降趋势。这意味着日本与欧洲一样在成为重要的足球移民接纳国的同时,也具有其独特的足球移民倾向。在全球化进程中,为更好地考察足球移民的全貌,研究对象不仅要关注作为核心的欧洲,欧洲之外的周边区域(例如日本)也应被纳入到研究范围内。This paper reveals the features and trends of"football migrants"in the J.League compared with those in European leagues.Football migrants are professional footballers who migrate to play football.While the importance of their role has been recognized sine the foundation of the J.League in 1993,previous studies have not investigated them in detail.Therefore,this paper explores the features of the football migration in the J.League by comparing them to the finding of studies on European leagues.We collected data from players’lists,which are published before the beginning of each season,and analyzed whether(1)the patterns of footballers’migration are the same as those in European leagues,in terms of high ratio of South American,former Yugoslav,and African footballers,and(2)the characteristics of football migrants have changed since the foundation of the J.League.The analysis reveals that the ratio of Brazilians,former Yugoslav,and Korean footballer is high,while that of African footballers is low.In addition,the variety of countries/areas of origin of football migrants is less than that at the foundation of the J.League.Moreover,the average age of football migrants is decreasing.Thus,while the J.League plays an important role in receiving football migrants,there are uninvestigated features of football migration.This paper suggests that further investigation is needed into football migration not only in Europe,but also in marginal areas such as Japan.

关 键 词：足球 移民 日本职业足球甲级联赛(J1联赛) 多样性减少 

分 类 号：G843.739[文化科学—体育训练]