周作人“谢本师”事件初探  

On Zhou Zuoren's“Xiebenshi”Affair

作　　者：卢天诚 LU Tian-cheng(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期61-75,共15页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：由于留学日本期间曾在民报社听章太炎讲学,周作人一直视自己为章门弟子。然而1926年周作人却做出了“谢本师”的举动。周作人与章太炎分歧的焦点是他们对“反赤”的态度,章太炎将中国的“赤党”视为苏俄帝国主义入侵中国的傀儡和先锋,故而坚持“反赤”;周作人则由于个人情感和思想倾向的缘故,同情共产党和社会主义理论,并且透过“反赤”看到了军阀对于言论和思想的压迫,故而坚定地批评“反赤”。这两种截然相反的态度实则受章太炎与周作人各自在20年代提出的不同救国方案的影响。章太炎主张联省自治的法制改革,故而十分警惕希望武力统一中国的广州革命政府及其北伐军;周作人则主张以“正当的民族主义”为核心的思想革命,因此透过“反赤”看到了中国人思想上“嗜杀”的“遗传病”。由于北伐结束、国共内战、日本侵华等时局变动,两人的救国方案都无疾而终,并且不约而同地回到了某种“文化救国”的方针上。这促成了师生二人的和解,也为我们揭示了某些为“革命-启蒙”叙事所遮蔽的历史事实。Zhou Zuoren always saw himself one of Zhang Taiyan's students as he had been to the“Minbao”newspaper office for Zhang's lecture when he was studying in Japan.But in the year 1926,Zhou made a statement to deny Zhang as his teacher(also known as the“Xiebenshi”Affair).It is believed in this paper that the affair had some significance in the history of thought.In fact,the disagreement between Zhou and Zhang focused on their attitudes towards the“Fanchi”Movement(Anti-communist Movement)at that time.Zhang took the Chinese“Red Party”as puppets and heralds for the invasion of the Soviet imperialism and thus supported the“Fanchi”Movement,while Zhou,on the other hand,sympathized with the Communist Party and the socialist theory due to his personal emotion and ideological tendency,and saw the fact that warlords were taking the movement as an excuse to oppress the freedom of speech and thought,so he firmly criticized it.These two totally opposite attitudes were actually influenced by the different national salvation schemes proposed by Zhang and Zhou in the 1920s.Zhang Taiyan advocated the judicial reform whose core idea was the Joint of Autonomous Provinces Policy,so he was very vigilant against the revolutionary government of Guangzhou and its Northern Expedition Army.Zhou Zuoren,on the other hand,advocated the revolution of thought with the“legitimate nationalism”as the core,so through the“Fanchi”Movement,he saw the“genetic disease”of the Chinese people's“homicide-mania”.In 1932,due to the success of the Northern Expedition,the Kuomintang civil war,the Japanese invasion of China and other changes at that time,the two national salvation solutions both failed.Zhang and Zhou returned to some kind of“cultural salvation”strategy simultaneously.This led to the reconciliation between the teacher and student,and also revealed some historical facts hidden by the“revolution-enlightenment”narrative.

关 键 词：周作人 章太炎 “谢本师” 联省自治 正当的民族主义 文化救国 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]