黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病的病原菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选  

Pathogen identification and selection of controlling fungicides of leaf blight of Platycladus orientalis at the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor

作　　者：李培琴[1] 明洁[1] 张舒瑶 余仲东[1] 贺虹[1] 唐光辉[1] LI Peiqin;MING Jie;ZHANG Shuyao;YU Zhongdong;HE Hong;TANG Guanghui(Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Management of Forest Bio-Disaster,Forestry of College,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院西部森林生物灾害治理国家林业和草原局重点试验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期74-84,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201404302-4);陕西杨凌示范区科技创新项目(2015NY-32)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病的病原菌及其培养特性,筛选对该病害具有较好防治效果的药剂,为黄帝陵古柏群的保护提供指导。【方法】采用组织分离培养法从采集的侧柏叶枯病叶中分离病菌,通过回接试验和柯赫氏法则,证明分离物是否为引起侧柏叶枯病的病原菌;通过形态学和分子生物学对黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病病原菌进行鉴定,并研究其在不同培养基上的生长速率;采用带毒平板法和田间试验筛选对黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病具有较好防治效果的药剂。【结果】经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病病原菌为互隔交链孢(Alternaria alternata)和芍药生拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis paeoniicola),这2种病原菌可单独侵染,也可共同复合侵染。互隔交链孢和芍药生拟盘多毛孢在黄豆(SA)培养基和马铃薯蔗糖琼脂(PSA)培养基上生长速率均较高。室内抑菌活性测定结果表明,戊唑醇对互隔交链孢和芍药生拟盘多毛孢抑菌活性较高,其有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为1.13和1.38 mg/L;咪鲜胺次之,其EC_(50)分别为1.58和1.44 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,80%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂750倍液和25%咪鲜胺乳油3 000倍液对侧柏叶枯病的防效最佳,喷药4次后其防治效果均在80%以上。【结论】黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病由互隔交链孢(A.alternata)和芍药生拟盘多毛孢(P.paeoniicola)单独或共同侵染引起,为弱寄生菌,这2种病原菌均在SA和PSA培养基生长良好;侧柏为芍药生拟盘多毛孢(P.paeoniicola)的新寄主;戊唑醇和咪鲜胺对黄帝陵侧柏叶枯病具有良好的防治效果。【Objective】This research identified the pathogen of leaf blight of Platycladus orientalis at the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor,demonstrated the biological characteristics and screened fungicides with excellent controlling effects on this disease to provide guidance for the protection of ancient P.orientalis.【Method】Tissue isolation and culture method was used to isolate the pathogen of diseased leaves of P.orientalis.Reinoculation experiment and Koch’s postulate were applied to verify the isolates.Morphological observation and molecular biological methods were used to identify the pathogens.Different media were used to culture the pathogens to analyze their growth rate.Radial growth assay and field experiments were employed to screen effective fungicides.【Result】The pathogens of leaf blight of P.orientalis at the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor were identified as Alternaria alternata and Pestalotiopsis paeoniicola using morphological and molecular methods.A.alternata and P.paeoniicola infected P.orientalis separately or jointly,and both of them grew well on soybean agar(SA)medium and potato sucrose agar(PSA)medium.According to the assay of antifungal activities in vitro,tebuconazole was the strongest antifungal activities to A.alternate and P.paeoniicola with the values of effective medium concentration(EC 50)of 1.13 and 1.38 mg/L,respectively.Prochloraz showed the second strongest antifungal activities to A.alternate and P.paeoniicola with EC 50 of 1.58 and 1.44 mg/L,respectively.For field experiments,80%tebuconazole wettable powder 750-fold dilution and 25%prochloraz missible oil 3000-fold dilution exhibited the best controlling effects on leaf blight of P.orientalis with their corresponding control efficacies higher than 80%after four times of spraying chemicals.【Conclusion】Leaf blight of P.orientalis at the Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor was caused by A.alternata and P.paeoniicola solely or jointly,and they were weak parasitic fungi.P.orientalis was a new host plant of P.paeoniicola.The optimal media

关 键 词：黄帝陵侧柏 叶枯病 病原鉴定 病原生物学 

分 类 号：S763.713.8[农业科学—森林保护学]