祁连山冰川服务价值评估及其时空特征  

Assessment and spatiotemporal characteristics of service value of glaciers in the Qilian Mountains

作　　者：孙美平[1,2] 马维谦 姚晓军 张明军[1] 李忠勤[2] 秦大河 SUN Meiping;MAWeiqian;YAO Xiaojun;ZHANG Mingjun;LI Zhongqin;QIN Dahe(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000

出　　处：《地理学报》2021年第1期178-190,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801052,41861013);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划;陇原青年创新创业人才项目。

摘　　要：冰川为干旱区人类福祉和社会经济发展提供必不可少的资源与服务,开展冰川服务价值评估及时空特征研究对于区域社会经济可持续发展和环境保护具有重要意义。基于祁连山第一次和第二次冰川编目数据,通过构建冰川服务价值评估体系,并结合单位面积服务价格法、价值当量因子法和冰川服务价值变化指数等方法,评估祁连山冰川服务价值及时空变化。结果表明:①2016年祁连山冰川服务价值为243.54亿元,气候调节和径流调节构成该地区冰川最主要的服务,其次是淡水资源供给和水力发电,四者分别占总价值的60.58%、33.14%、3.47%和1.75%,其他类型服务价值约为2.59亿元。②在祁连山各水系中,疏勒河流域冰川服务价值最高(77.71亿元,占31.91%),其次为哈尔腾河流域(43.21亿元,占17.74%)和北大河流域(32.81亿元,占13.47%)。在行政区划上,青海省的祁连山冰川服务价值高于甘肃省11.38亿元,其中海西蒙古族藏族自治州和酒泉市境内的冰川服务价值较高,分别为111.24亿元(占45.68%)和77.58亿元(占31.86%)。③1956—2010年期间,祁连山冰川服务价值量损失4.35亿元,且冰川服务价值变化呈现经向地带性分异规律,价值损失自西向东呈加快趋势。Glaciers provide essential resources and services for human well-being and socioeconomic development in arid regions, and estimation on service value of glaciers and its spatiotemporal characteristics are vital for socio-economic sustainable development and environmental protection. Based on the first and second glacier inventories, this research firstly constructed an assessment system of glacier service value. The glacier service value and its variation with time and space were then estimated by combining the unit area service price method, equivalent factor method and glacier service change index. The total glacier service value in the Qilian Mountains for 2016 was 24354 million yuan. The main parts were climate regulation and runoff regulation, which occupied 60.58% and 33.14% of the total value,respectively. The minor parts were freshwater supply and hydropower, which contributed3.47% and 1.75% to the total, respectively. The service value of the rest parts was about 259 million yuan. For glacier service value of the watersheds in the Qilian Mountains, Shule River ranked first with 7771 million yuan, or 31.91%, followed by Haerteng River with 4321 million yuan(17.74%) and Beida River with 3281 million yuan(13.47%). From an administrative perspective, the glacier service value of the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai province was 1138 million yuan higher than that of Gansu province. For Qinghai, Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture had the highest glacier service value with 11124 million yuan,accounting for 45.68%. For Gansu, the correspondent value was Jiuquan with 7758 million yuan, or 31.86%. During the period of 1956-2010, the loss of glacier service value in the Qilian Mountains increased faster from west to east, reaching 435 million yuan. This suggested that the change of glacier service value in the study region showed an obvious longitudinal and zonal differentiation.

关 键 词：冰川 功能与服务 价值评估 时空特征 祁连山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]