不同培养基组分对5个蜡梅品系花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响  

Effects of different culture medium composition on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of 5 strains of Chimonanthus praecox

作　　者：沈植国 孙萌 丁鑫[2] 程建明[2] 陈迪新[3] SHEN Zhiguo;SUN Meng;DING Xin;CHENG Jianming;CHEN Dixin(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Henan Academy of Forestry,Zhengzhou 450008,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]河南省林业科学研究院,河南郑州450008 [3]河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2021年第2期278-287,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(182102110458);河南省科技兴林项目(豫林计[2018]127号);河南省基本业务费(2018JB02-001)。

摘　　要：以河南省许昌市3个类型5个品系的蜡梅花粉为试验材料,研究了不同培养基组分对蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,以筛选出适宜不同类型蜡梅花粉萌发的最佳培养基,为生产实践中科学授粉和杂交育种提供理论依据。结果表明:聚乙二醇是蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的关键因素,当培养基中没有聚乙二醇时,花粉不能萌发;蔗糖不是蜡梅花粉离体萌发的必需因素,高浓度蔗糖还会抑制花粉萌发;硼酸和硝酸钙能够有效促进花粉萌发,在花粉萌发中起辅助作用;素心和红心类蜡梅花粉萌发和生长最佳培养基配方为PEG-4000 250 g·L~(-1)+Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O 10 mg·L~(-1)+H_3BO_3 20 mg·L~(-1),豫素1号、豫素2号、豫红1号花粉萌发率分别为25.38%、25.34%、23.46%,花粉管长度分别为302.31、297.64、285.68μm;乔种蜡梅花粉萌发和生长最佳培养基配方为:PEG-4000 250 g·L~(-1)+Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O 5 mg·L~(-1)+H_3BO_3 15 mg·L~(-1),豫乔1号、豫乔2号花粉萌发率分别为24.43%和24.93%,花粉管长度分别为288.27μm和286.37μm。综合比较,5种花粉受培养基中相同因素影响的趋势相同,但在最适宜条件下,素心类型蜡梅的花粉活力较好,其萌发情况略好于其他2种类型。Five strains of Chimonanthus praecox fresh pollens collected from Xuchang City,Henan Province were used as materials to test and screen the best culture medium for pollen germination of C.praecox.Effects of different culture medium composition on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of C.praecox were investigated with in-vitro culture method.The results showed that PEG-4000 was the key factor for pollen in-vitro germination and its tube growth of C.praecox,and the pollen failed to germinate when there was no PEG-4000 in the medium.On the contrary,sucrose was unnecessary factor for pollen in-vitro germination and high concentration sucrose inhibited pollen germination;While boric acid and calcium nitrate could promote pollen germination effectively,which played an auxiliary role in pollen germination.The optimum medium formulation for C.praecox var.concolor and C.praecox var.patens was 250 g·L-1 PEG-4000+10 mg·L-1 Ca(NO 3)2·4H 2O+20 mg·L-1 H 3BO 3,the pollen germination rates of Yusu No.1,Yusu No.2 and Yuhong No.1 were 25.38%,25.34%and 23.46%,respectively,and their pollen tube lengths were 302.31μm,297.64μm and 285.68μm,respectively.The optimum medium formulation for C.praecox var.intermedius was 250 g·L-1 PEG-4000+5 mg·L-1 Ca(NO 3)2·4H 2O+15 mg·L-1 H 3BO 3,the pollen germination rates of Yuqiao No.1 and Yuqiao No.2 were 24.43%and 24.93%,their pollen tube lengths were 288.27μm and 286.37μm,respectively.The influence trend of the same factors in the culture medium was the same for the five kinds of pollen,but under the most suitable conditions,the pollen vitality of C.praecox var.concolor was better,and its germination rate was slightly higher than that of the other two types.

关 键 词：蜡梅 花粉活力 培养基组分 花粉萌发 花粉管长度 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]