不同栽培方式对韭菜生长和碳水化合物累积的影响  

Effects of different cultivation methods on growth and carbohydrate accumulation of Chinese chives

作　　者：王启璋 张广楠 王丽慧[1] 田洁 WANG Qizhang;ZHANG Guangnan;WANG Lihui;TIAN Jie(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院/青海省蔬菜遗传与生理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2021年第2期288-297,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760568);青海省科技厅重点实验室(2020-ZJ-Y02);青海省科技厅科技合作专项(2018-HZ-808);青海省科技厅科技成果转化专项(2019-NK-110)。

摘　　要：为探究不同栽培方式对韭菜生长和碳水化合物累积的影响,以韭菜品种雪晶208为试材,测定其在土壤栽培、营养液栽培和基质栽培下农艺性状和可溶性糖组分及其含量的动态变化,并通过灰色关联分析了不同栽培方式下韭菜产量相关性状的主次关系,筛选出不同商品性状需求下韭菜的适宜栽培方式。结果表明:(1)在3种栽培方式下,营养液栽培更容易促进韭菜的快速生长,其株高、最大叶长、叶片数、假茎长增长最快,基质栽培次之,土壤栽培下韭菜生长最慢,但土壤栽培却有利于叶宽和假茎粗的生长。(2)不同栽培方式对韭菜产量的影响差异显著,营养液栽培利于韭菜单株产量的快速增加。整个生长周期,营养液栽培的韭菜地上部鲜重和干重始终高于其他栽培方式。培养至35 d,营养液栽培的韭菜地上部鲜重较土壤栽培、基质栽培分别提高了50.16%和63.70%,地上部干重较土壤栽培、基质栽培分别提高了11.07%、16.04%。(3)3种栽培方式下韭菜不同器官碳水化合物的含量差异显著,营养液栽培易使韭菜假茎中可溶性总糖和果糖快速累积。培养7~35 d,营养液栽培下韭菜不同器官的总糖与其他糖组分含量始终高于土壤栽培和基质栽培;其中,培养35 d假茎总糖的增幅显著高于叶的总糖增幅,且收获期假茎中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量较叶分别提高13.83%、12.31%、29.14%。(4)灰色关联分析发现,3种栽培方式下与韭菜单株产量关联紧密的指标均为可溶性糖组分与含量,影响营养液栽培、基质栽培和土壤栽培的首要因素分别为假茎蔗糖、叶蔗糖和叶葡萄糖。综上,在3种栽培方式中,营养液栽培是最利于韭菜快速生长与可溶性糖累积的栽培方式,其中假茎蔗糖含量是营养液栽培韭菜产量形成的关键因子,说明蔗糖的累积在韭菜营养液高产栽培中具有重要作用。In order to explore the effects of different cultivation methods on growth and carbohydrate accumulation of Chinese chives,with variety Xuejing 208 as material,the dynamic changes of agronomic characters and contents of soluble sugar components under soil cultivation,nutrient solution cultivation and substrate cultivation were measured.Based on grey relational analysis method,the primary and secondary relations between growth or soluble sugar factors and yield under different cultivation methods were analyzed,and the suitable cultivation methods for Chinese chives with different commercial characters were screened out.The results showed as follows:(1)Among the three cultivation methods,nutrient solution cultivation would easily promote the Chinese chives growth.Using nutrient solution cultivation,the growth rate of plant height,maximum leaf length,number of leaves and pseudostem length were the fastest;Substrate cultivation followed;The values of above-mentioned four indexes in soil cultivation were the lowest.However,soil cultivation was conducive to the growth of leaf width and pseudostem diameter.(2)Different cultivation methods could significantly affect the yield.Nutrient solution cultivation would enhance yield per plant rapidly.During the entire growth period,the aboveground fresh weight and dry weight in nutrient solution cultivation remain higher than those of other cultivations.On the 35th day,the fresh weight in nutrient solution cultivation respectively increased by 50.16%and 63.70%,and the dry weight in nutrient solution cultivation respectively increased by 11.07%and 16.04%,compared with those of soil cultivation and substrate cultivation.(3)The difference of carbohydrate content in different organs of Chinese chives under the three cultivation methods were significant.Nutrient solution cultivation would accelerate the accumulation of total soluble sugar and fructose in pseudostems.From the 7th day to the 35th day,content of total soluble sugar and their components in different organs with nutrient

关 键 词：韭菜 栽培方式 农艺指标 可溶性糖组分 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：S633.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]