广西糖料蔗压榨期机收作业气候适宜性评估及应对气候策略  

Evaluation of Climate Suitability for Harvesting Operation of Sugarcane and Climate Adaptation Strategy in Guangxi

作　　者：匡昭敏 欧钊荣 黄艳红 刘志平 KUANG Zhao-min;OU Zhao-rong;HUANG Yan-hong;LIU Zhi-ping(Guangxi Meteorological Sciences Institute/Sugarcane Meteorological Service Center,Nanning,Guangxi 530022;Institute of Remote Sensing and Information Application,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区气象科学研究所/甘蔗气象服务中心,广西南宁530022 [2]浙江大学农业遥感与信息技术研究所,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2021年第1期32-35,共4页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“热带与特色林果气象灾害监测预警技术与业务平台”(2019YFD1002203);公益性行业(气象)科研专项重点项目“蔗糖产量预测及气象灾害监测评估技术研究”(GYHY20140406030);广西自然科学基金项目“甘蔗主要生育期自动观测关键技术研究”(2017GXNSFBA198153)。

摘　　要：利用1979~2019年40个压榨期(11月至翌年3月)的无雨日数资料,从时空分布及其气候演变特征2个维度对广西糖料蔗压榨期机收作业气候适宜性进行分析评估。结果表明:11月至翌年1月广西蔗区平均机收作业适宜(无雨)天数53天,接近三分之二时间适宜机收作业,而2~3月只有三分之一的时间适宜机收作业;全压榨期机收作业适宜天数最多区域为百色市右江河谷蔗区,达三分之二以上,崇左市等西南部蔗区和北海市等南部蔗区次之,贵港、横县和来宾市的象州以南等广西中部的大部分蔗区再次之,上述蔗区机收作业适宜天数占压榨期总天数的一半以上,而柳州、河池等北部蔗区机收作业适宜天数低于一半。广西蔗区全压榨期机收作业适宜(无雨)天数呈上升趋势,增长速率为每10年2.8天,其中1月、2月为上升趋势,11月则呈减少趋势。从而提出了以12月至翌年1月作为广西糖料蔗集中机收时段,把右江河谷、桂西南和桂南蔗区作为机收作业大面积推广优先区域,研发轻便型机器等应对策略。Based on the spatial and temporal distribution of the number of rainless days and the climatic evolution characteristics of the 40 years of 1979~2019 meteorological data(November to March of the next year),the climate suitability of sugar cane crushing operation in Guangxi was analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that from November to January of the next year,the average suitable(no rain)days for harvesting operation in the sugarcane area of Guangxi is 53 days,close to two-thirds of the time was suitable for the machine,and only one-third of the time from February to March is suitable for operation.The most suitable time for the whole press period was more than two-thirds of the right river valley sugarcane area,followed by the southwest sugarcane area such as Chongzuo and Beihai,followed by Guigang,Hengxian and Laibin.In the south of the central part of Guangxi,such as the sugarcane area in the central part of Guangxi,the suitable number of days for the above-mentioned sugarcane area wass more than half of the total number of days in the pressing period,while the suitable days for the operation of the northern sugarcane area such as Liuzhou and Hechi were less than half.The number of days(no rain)in the full-pressing operation of the sugarcane area in Guangxi was on the rise.The growth rate was 2.8 days per 10 years,with January and February rising,and decreasing in November.Therefore,some countermeasures were put forward,such as taking the period from December to January of the next year as the concentrated sugar cane harvesting period in Guangxi,taking the Youjiang River valley,southwest Guangxi and south Guangxi as the priority areas for large-scale promotion of sugar cane harvesting operation,and developing portable machines.

关 键 词：糖料蔗 榨季 机收作业 气候适宜性 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]