投喂野生鲫和人工配合饲料对哲罗鲑消化生理的影响  

Effects of Different Kinds of Feed on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Intestinal Morphology of Hucho taimen

作　　者：王亚玲 王常安[1] 刘红柏[1] 包玉龙[1] 徐奇友[1] 尹家胜 WANG Yaling;WANG Chang’an;LIU Hongbai;BAO Yulong;XU Qiyou;YIN Jiasheng(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第1期182-189,共8页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-46);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2019C036)。

摘　　要：【目的】消化酶是反映动物消化生理状况和营养物质利用能力的重要指标,对营养物质的消化吸收具有关键作用。消化道的组织形态结构,是认识和探索鱼类摄食、消化和吸收等生理机制的基础和途径之一。在人工养殖条件下,研究旨在探讨投喂野生鲫鱼和人工饲料对哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen)幼鱼(初始体质量(6.90±0.04)g)消化酶活性和肠道组织形态的影响。【方法】试验分为2个处理组,分别投喂野生鲫鱼(G1)和人工饲料(G2),每组养殖试验鱼50尾,每个试验组设置3个平行。试验水温9.8~16.2℃,pH值7.2~7.6,溶氧>6.0 mg/L,氨氮<1.0 mg/L,日投喂2次。G1组投喂的野生鲫鱼,按其4倍折算,G2组投喂人工配合饲料,配合饲料按试验鱼的体质量前4周投喂率为3.4%,后4周为2.0%,投喂56 d。【结果】研究表明,与G1组相比,G2组胃、前肠+幽门盲囊和后肠的蛋白酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),前肠+幽门盲囊和后肠的脂肪酶活性也显著降低(P<0.05),而胃和肝的脂肪酶差异不显著(P>0.05)。G2组淀粉酶活性均高于G1组,其中后肠和肝的淀粉酶活差异显著(P<0.05)。G2组肠道绒毛高度和纹状缘高度也低于G1组,其中纹状缘高度达显著水平(P<0.05)。G2组肠道组织结构的完整性被破坏,粘膜褶皱边缘有破损,纹状缘融合。【结论】投喂野生鲫鱼组哲罗鲑消化酶活性较强且肠道组织结构发育较好,在人工养殖条件下,投喂野生鲫鱼存在资源有限,人力劳动强度大,氮磷排放较高等缺点。随着哲罗鲑摄食能力的加强及对营养需求的提高,哲罗鲑饲料配方还需进一步优化,全面均衡人工配合饲料。[Objective]Digestive enzyme is an important index to reflect the physiological status of animal digestion and nutrient utilization ability,and plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients.The histological structure of the digestive tract is one of the bases and ways to understand and explore the physiologi⁃cal mechanisms such as feeding,digestion and absorption of fish.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding wild crucian carp and artificial feed on digestive enzyme activity and intestinal tissue morphol⁃ogy of Hucho Taimen juveniles(initial body mass 6.90±0.04 g).[Method]The experiment was divided into two treatment groups,feeding with wild crucian carp(G1)and with artificial feed(G2),respectively,with 50 fish in each group and 3 parallel fish in each group.Water temperature 9.8-16.2℃,pH 7.2-7.6,dissolved oxygen>6.0 mg/L,ammonia nitrogen<1.0 mg/L,feeding twice a day.Wild crucian carps fed in G1 group were converted by 4 times,and artificial mixed feed was fed in G2 group.The mixed feed rate was 3.4%in the first four weeks and 2.0%in the last four weeks,respectively,for 56d.[Result]Compared with the G1 group,the protease activities of the gastric,anterior intestine+pyloric caecum and posterior intestine in the G2 group reduced significantly(P<0.05),and the lipase activities of the gastric and hepatic lipases also reduced significantly(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in lipase of hindgut and liver(P>0.05).The activities of amylase in G2 group was higher than those in G1 group,those of which in stomach and liver were significant(P<0.05).The height of intestinal villi and mucosal fold in G2 group was also lower,those of which in intestinal microvilli height were significant(P<0.05).In G2 group,the integrity of intestinal tissue structure was destroyed,the edge of mucosal fold was damaged,and the microvilli was fused.[Conclusion]The digestive enzyme activity of the Hucho taimen is stronger and the intestinal tissue structure development is better,

关 键 词：哲罗鲑 饲料 消化酶 肠道结构 

分 类 号：S963.3[农业科学—水产养殖]