离子推力器非预期电击穿特性及其主要影响因素对比研究  

Characteristics and main influencing factors of unexpected electric breakdown in ion thruster

作　　者：张雪儿 张天平[1,2] 李得天 杨浩[1,2] 孟伟 ZHANG Xueer;ZHANG Tianping;LI Detian;YANG Hao;MENG Wei(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics;Key Laboratory of Space Electric Propulsion Technology of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室 [2]甘肃省空间电推进技术重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2021年第1期63-70,共8页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划基金资助项目(编号:18JR3RA412)。

摘　　要：采用对比分析方法研究空间与地面、不同工况、不同累计工作时间段的离子推力器非预期电击穿特性变化,获得了离子推力器击穿频次与其主要影响因素之间的关联性。研究结果表明:在地面试验和空间飞行的全任务周期中,推力器击穿频次都呈现出早期较高、然后快速降低并保持长期稳定的基本特点;空间飞行应用中的平均击穿频次普遍比地面试验中的低1~2个数量级,其根本原因在于地面试验中不可避免地存在推力器暴露于大气、试验舱背溅射污染等诱发因素;栅极材料、电场强度、束流密度、溅射沉积物是决定推力器非预期电击穿本质特性的主要因素;击穿引发的阴极或放电室熄弧现象值得特别关注并应避免其发生。The characteristics of the unexpected breakdown of the ion thrusters in space and ground tests,under different operating conditions,and during different cumulative operating times,are comparatively analyzed.The correlations between the breakdown rate and its main influencing factors are obtained.It is shown that during the ground tests and during the whole space mission lifetime,the breakdown rate is high initially,and then decreases quickly in a relatively short period before reaching a long-term stability.The breakdown rate in space is generally one to two orders of magnitude lower than that on the ground,basically due to the breakdown-inducing factors on the ground such as the exposure to the atmosphere and the back sputtering from the vacuum facility.The grid material,the field strength,the beam current density,and the state of the sputtered deposits are among the main influencing factors that determine the essential characteristics of the unexpected electric breakdown of the thruster.The discharge extinguish events caused by the breakdown are worth particular attention and the preventive measures have to be adopted.

关 键 词：离子推力器 非预期电击穿 击穿频次 飞行应用 地面试验 

分 类 号：V439.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]