基于分层平衡抽样的多目标代表性样本设计——以住户调查为例  

Multi-objective Representative Sample Exploration Design Based on Stratified Balanced Sampling:A Case Study of Household Survey

作　　者：巩红禹 张士琦[1] 王春枝 GONG Hong-yu;ZHANG Shi-qi;WANG Chun-zhi(School of Statistics and Mathematics,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Economic Data Analysis and Mining,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot 010070,China;Economic Application Statistical Evaluation Research Center,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经大学统计与数学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]内蒙古财经大学内蒙古经济数据分析与挖掘重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [3]内蒙古财经大学经济应用统计评价研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2021年第2期36-44,共9页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民族地区高等教育量、质溢价及其贫困的代际传递阻断效应与路径研究”(BMA180038)。

摘　　要：从抽样设计的事前保证和事后评估两个视角,研究分层平衡样本的代表性和多目标调查问题。分层抽样不仅提高总体特征的估计效率,还可以估计层的目标特征。平衡抽样设计通过选择与目标特征相关的辅助变量,使得辅助变量的估计与总体的总量相等。将分层与平衡抽样结合构成的分层平衡抽样方法不仅实现层内样本单元的平衡,也能实现样本的整体平衡,从而能够改进层估计的稳健性。以住户调查的初级单元抽样框为例,对城镇化率采用累积平方根法进行分层,对分层平衡样本的事后评估表明,对于平衡变量而言,样本与总体结构相近,而且层内样本结构类似于层结构。进一步对总体和层的多个目标特征进行估计,相对误差在合理范围内,说明分层平衡样本对总体或者层有良好的代表性。这为国内政府多目标调查设计代表性样本提供了新的思路,弥补了国内对代表性样本和多目标调查研究的相对不足。The representative and multi-objective survey problems of stratified and balanced samples is studied.Stratified sampling not only improves the efficiency of parameter estimation,but also estimates the target characteristics of the stratum.Balanced sampling makes the sample structure similar to the overall structure.The stratified balanced sampling method,which combines stratified and balanced sampling,not only achieves the balance of the sample units in the stratum,but also the overall balance of the samples.Taking the primary unit sampling frame of the household survey as an example,the cumulative square root method is used to stratify the urbanization rate.The empirical analysis of stratified and balanced samples shows that the sample is similar to the overall structure,and the stratified sample structure is similar to the stratum structure.The overall characteristics of multiple targets in the population and stratum are estimated,and the relative error is within the acceptable range.It shows that the stratified balanced sample has a good representation of the population or stratum,which provides new ideas for the design of representative samples in the domestic government's multi-objective surveys and makes up for the relative shortcomings of representative samples and multi-objective surveys in China.

关 键 词：分层平衡抽样 累积平方根法 多目标调查 住户调查 

分 类 号：C811[社会学—统计学]