气送式油菜播种机集排器供种装置设计与试验  

Design and Test on Centralized Metering Seed Feeding Deviceof Air-assisted Planter for Rapeseed

作　　者：王磊[1,2] 廖宜涛 廖庆喜[1,2] 齐天翔 张青松[1,2] 王宝山 WANG Lei;LIAO Yitao;LIAO Qingxi;QI Tianxiang;ZHANG Qingsong;WANG Baoshan(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第2期75-85,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51875229);国家油菜产业体系专项(CARS-12);湖北省科技厅农业科技创新行动项目。

摘　　要：针对现有气送式播种机集排器供种装置在油菜种植区域地表坡度变化范围大时供种量稳定性不足等问题,设计了一种采用调节弹簧调节清种毛刷与外切圆弧型孔轮距离,从而控制充种及清种量、实现坡地播种、稳定供种的供种装置。阐述了供种装置的工作原理,确定了外切圆弧型孔曲线方程、主圆弧偏转角及种量调节机构结构参数,分析了种量调节机构与型孔轮间的力学关系。利用智能种植机械测试平台进行了供种装置性能优化试验,以清种毛刷厚度、调节弹簧有效圈数、调节板厚度、主圆弧偏转角为试验因素,采用二次旋转正交组合试验分析各因素对坡度地表供种量稳定性的影响。采用主要目标法确定最佳参数组合为:清种毛刷厚度为13 mm、调节弹簧有效圈数为82.5、调节板厚度为7.8 mm、主圆弧偏转角为7.7°,固定倾斜-5°~5°相对无倾斜下的供种速率变化率不超过4.29%、供种速率稳定性变异系数不超过0.52%,供种稳定性较优。最优参数组合下的台架验证试验表明,供种速率在摆动-5°~5°相对无倾斜状态的变化率不超过1.6%,供种速率稳定性变异系数不超过0.86%,满足油菜坡地播种供种量稳定性要求。Considering the problem that the large range of land slope changes in rapeseed planting area leads to the seed feeding quantity insufficient stability of the seed feeding device of air-assisted centralized metering device of the planter,a prototype of seed feeding device was developed to improve the stability of seed feeding quantity in slope land planting based on adjusting spring to adjust the distance between seed cleaning brush and circular arc type-hole wheel for controlling feeding and cleaning seed quantity.The working process and principle of the seed feeding device were elaborated.The curvilinear equation of the circular arc type-hole,main arc deflection angle,and structural parameters of seed quantity regulating mechanism was determined.The mechanical relationship between seed quantity regulating mechanism and type-hole wheel was analyzed.Using the intelligent planting machine test platform,the influence experiment of land slope on seed feeding performance was carried out.The influence of seed cleaning brush thickness,adjusting spring effective turns,adjusting plate thickness,and main arc deflection angle on stability of seed feeding quantity in land slope was tested with quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test.The experiment results indicated that using the main objective method in multi-objective optimization,when the seed cleaning brush thickness was 13 mm,the adjusting spring effective turns was 82.5,the adjusting plate thickness was 7.8 mm,and the main arc deflection angle was 7.7°,the variation of seed feeding rate at 5°tilt was 2.32%compared with no tilt,the variation of seed feeding rate at-5°tilt was 4.29%compared with no tilt,the variation coefficient of seed feeding rate stability was no higher than 0.52%,and the seed feeding stability was better.The bench test results showed that on the relatively flat land with variation of seed feeding rate in the state of oscillation in range of-5°to 5°relative to no tilt was no higher than 1.6%,the variation coefficient of seed feeding rate s

关 键 词：油菜播种机 气送式集排器 供种装置 种量调节机构 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]