中西方海洋地缘政治思想演化解构——基于人海关系分析框架  

The deconstruction of the evolution of Chinese and Western marine geopolitical thoughts:Based on the analysis framework of human-ocean relation

作　　者：彭飞[1] 富宁宁 韩增林[1] 刘天宝[1] 杨鑫 PENG Fei;FU Ningning;HAN Zenglin;LIU Tianbao;YANG Xin(Center for Studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,大连116029

出　　处：《地理研究》2021年第2期556-570,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601114);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大课题(18JJD790005);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(16YJC790080)。

摘　　要：海洋地缘政治探讨国家政治活动与海洋地理环境的互动关系,并在理论和实践上极大的影响着世界政治经济格局。本文构建海洋地缘政治思想演化分析框架,探讨人海关系要素构成和国家与海洋互动机制,梳理中西方海洋地缘政治思想演进路径、内容构成和阶段特征。国家意志和需求、国家文化基因、技术变革是驱动国家与海洋关系互动的主要因素,中西方国家在人海关系演化过程中均呈现"以陆涉海,以海养陆""以陆拓海,以海通陆""以海制陆,海陆冲突""陆海统筹"等阶段性特征。现实主义与和合主义、冲突扩张与消极保守、全球视野与华夏中心在中西方海洋地缘政治思想演变中形成鲜明对比。未来中国需把握好批判继承和改造借鉴的辩证关系,形成海洋命运共同体范畴下的海洋地缘思想集合,丰富中国海洋地缘政治理论体系。Marine geopolitics focuses mainly on the relationships between the politics and marine geographical environment and are committed to shaping political and economic pattern of the world theoretically and practically. Starting with the interplay of human and ocean, this paper constructs an analytical framework for marine geopolitical thoughts evolution, discusses the elements of human-ocean relation and state-ocean interaction mechanism, and sorts out the evolution path, content composition and stage features of the marine geopolitical thoughts of China and the West. Human-ocean relation, the interplay between human activities and ocean,is composed of the main body of human activities, land and ocean. The state is one of the most important social-spatial organizational units for studying human-ocean relation, and it is also one of the main research objects in the marine geopolitics. National will and demand, national cultural genes, and technological change are the main factors for the state and the ocean relations. As human-ocean relation progresses, some stage features appear in both China and the Western countries, such as"from land to sea, using marine resources to support land","expanding from land to sea, and opening up sea routes","checking and balancing the land with the sea, the conflict between the sea and the land", and"coordinating the land and the sea". From the perspective of the evolution of the relation between the state and the ocean,Chinese and Western marine geopolitical thoughts have both commonalities and significant differences. On the one hand, with the similar trends developing and many thoughts in common, they have all specifically evolved against the historical background. On the other hand, some major differences in philosophical basis, thinking concepts, and cognitive horizons exist between Western countries and China’s marine geopolitical thoughts from different periods of time."Realism"and"peace-cooperativism","conflict expansion"and"negative conservatism","global vision"and"Huaxia C

关 键 词：政治地理学 海洋地缘政治 人海关系 国家海洋地缘空间 海洋地缘政治思想 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]