肠道微生物与环境健康关系的研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of relationship between gut microbiota and environmental health

作　　者：高渊 陆晨希 袁鹏 胡献刚[1] GAO Yuan;LU Chenxi;YUAN Peng;HU Xiangang(Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria(Ministry of Education),College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室,环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第1期1-10,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770550);天津市自然科学基金(19JCJQJC62500);国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1804603)资助。

摘　　要：尽管肠道微生物群落在调节宿主多种生理功能的稳态以及抵抗环境污染物的毒性等方面至关重要,但是其在环境健康上的作用直到近几年才引起关注.本综述主要概述了环境污染物对肠道微生物的作用导致的健康效应的最新研究进展.发展迅速的高通量测序平台与合成生态学方法有助于快速确定肠道微生物组成,结合信息化综合分析方法可进一步探明肠道微生物对污染物的调节机制.本综述进一步重点举例,讨论了重金属、有机污染物、纳米颗粒、微塑料与肠道微生物群落相互作用的机制,及其对宿主健康产生的影响.目前对于肠道微生物群落介导环境污染物诱发环境健康效应的研究还不够成熟,存在诸多需要克服的科学技术难点.综述在最后从研究对象、技术方法和应用方面提出了对未来研究内容的展望.Although gut microbiota communities are crucial in regulating the homeostasis of host physiological functions and resisting the toxicity of environmental pollutants, their role in environmental health has not attracted attention until recently. This review mainly summarized the latest research progress on health effects caused by the effects of environmental pollutants on gut microbiota. The use of high-throughput sequencing platform and synthetic ecology methods had made rapid progress in determining the composition of gut microbiota. The combination of information-based comprehensive analysis methods was helpful to explore the regulation mechanism of intestinal microorganisms on pollutants. Furthermore, this review focused on examples and discussed the mechanism of interaction between heavy metals, organic pollutants, nanoparticles, microplastics and intestinal microbial communities, and its impact on health of hosts. The research on gut microbiota community in environmental health has just started, and there are many scientific and technical difficulties to be overcome. At the end of the review, the author pointed out the prospect of future research contents from the aspects of research objects, technical methods and applications.

关 键 词：肠道微生物 环境健康 环境毒理 重金属 有机污染物 纳米颗粒 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]