毒品成瘾的免疫疗法研究进展  

Advances in Immunotherapy for Drug Addiction

作　　者：陈琳 茹琴 周梅 吴钰祥[1] CHEN Lin;RU Qin;ZHOU Mei;WU Yuxiang(School of Physical Education,School of Medicine,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Wuhan Institutes of Biomedical Sciences,School of Medicine,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学体育学院,武汉430056 [2]江汉大学医学院武汉生物医学研究院,武汉430056

出　　处：《中国医学科学院学报》2021年第1期116-123,共8页Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81473442、81971775);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划指导性项目(B2013144);武汉市应用基础研究计划项目(2019020701011499)。

摘　　要：可卡因、尼古丁、甲基苯丙胺和海洛因等精神活性物质相对分子质量小,易穿过血脑屏障,最终导致成瘾等严重的神经、精神损害,目前临床上仍缺乏有效的治疗成瘾的药物和手段。免疫药物治疗是具有较大潜力的成瘾疗法,其原理是基于主动或被动产生的毒品-抗体复合物难以穿过血脑屏障,从而降低游离毒品的浓度并阻止其在大脑中分布,最终影响毒品成瘾相关奖赏效应。本文从主动免疫、被动免疫、毒品代谢相关酶学、佐剂等方面着手,系统总结了近50年来可卡因、尼古丁、甲基苯丙胺和海洛因等精神活性物质的免疫疗法研究进展,以期对防治毒品成瘾药物的未来研发提供一些思路与参考。Drug addiction is a major worldwide medical and social problem.Cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine,heroin and other psychoactive substances,with small molecular weight,can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and eventually lead to addiction and other serious neuropsychological damage.There is no effective cure for addiction currently.The drug-antibody complex formed on the basis of active or passive immunotherapy could not cross the blood-brain barrier,which reduces the concentration of the free active drug and prevents its distribution in the brain,thereby weakening the drug addiction-related reward effects.It provides a promising way for the treatment of drug addiction.This article reviews the progress of immunotherapy against psychoactive substances such as cocaine,nicotine,methamphetamine and heroin in the past 50 years from the aspects of active immunity,passive immunity,drug metabolism-related enzymes,adjuvants and so on.The goal is to provide some ideas for the development of agents for the treatment of psychoactive substance addiction.

关 键 词：毒品成瘾 免疫治疗 主动免疫 被动免疫 

分 类 号：R392.9[医药卫生—免疫学] R749.99[医药卫生—基础医学]