生态学的科学概念及其演变与当代生态学学科体系之商榷  

Discussion on the scientific concept of ecology and its evolution and the contemporary ecologi-cal discipline system

作　　者：于贵瑞[1,2] 王秋凤 杨萌[1] 陈智 YU Gui-rui;WANG Qiu-feng;YANG Meng;CHEN Zhi(Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,中国生态系统研究网络综合研究中心,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第1期1-15,共15页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31988102,41671045)资助

摘　　要：生态学既是生物学的分支学科,也是环境科学、地球系统科学的重要组成部分,其研究成果可直接服务于植物、动物、微生物的生物多样性保护、生物资源利用及生物产业管理等应用领域。生态系统概念将经典生态学或者基础生态学研究扩展到了生态系统生态学或者生态系统科学的新阶段,奠定了大尺度及全球生态环境科学研究的理论基础,促进了生物学、地理学及环境科学研究的大融合,推动了自然科学与人文科学和社会经济学的学科交叉。在这一大融合的历史过程中,生态学在不断地汲取不同学科营养的同时,提出了许多科学概念或理论学说,并在相关科学研究中得到应用和发展,形成了以认知生态系统与资源环境及人类社会的互馈关系为核心的当代生态学及生态系统科学体系。本文从生态学思想起源与发展、生态学概念的科学内涵及其扩展等方面综合讨论了当代生态学的科学概念、基础理论及其学科体系,并尝试性地对当代生态学的科学内涵、学科范畴、学科体系进行梳理、考察和分析,提出了基础生态学及应用生态学研究的分支学科体系分类方案,期望与学界共同商榷,为完善和重构当代生态学学科体系提供参考。Ecology is not only a branch of biology,but also an important part of environmental science and earth system science.The results of ecological studies can be directly applied in biodiversity conservation of plant,animal and microbe,biological resource utilization and biological industry management,and other fields.The concept of ecosystem extends classic ecology or basic ecology research to a new stage of ecosystem ecology or ecosystem science,which has laid a theoretical foundation for the scientific research of ecological environment at the global and continental scales,and has promoted the integration of biology,geography,and environmental science,and cross disciplinary of the natural sciences,humanities,and social economic sciences.During the integration processes,together with constantly absorbing nutrition from different disciplines,researches of eco-logy put forward a lot of scientific concepts or theories,and have been applied and developed in the relevant scientific research,formed contemporary ecology and ecosystem science system centered on the cognition of ecosystem,resource environment,and the mutual feedback relation with human society.We comprehensively discussed the scientific concept,basic theory,and discipline system of contemporary ecology from the origin and development of ecological thought,the scientific connotation,and extension of ecological concept,etc.,and tried to sort out,investigate,and analyze the scientific connotation,discipline category and discipline system of contemporary ecology,put forward the branch discipline system classification scheme of basic ecology and applied ecology,with the aim to provide references for perfecting and reconstructing the discipline system of contemporary ecology.

关 键 词：生态学 生态系统生态学 生态系统科学 学科体系 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]