高温对温室草莓光合生理特性的影响及胁迫等级构建  

Effects of high temperature on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of strawberry seedlings in greenhouse and construction of stress level

作　　者：徐超[1] 王明田 杨再强[1,2] 韩玮 郑盛华[4] XU Chao;WANG Ming-tian;YANG Zai-qiang;HAN Wei;ZHENG Sheng-hua(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;College of Binjiang,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Wuxi 214000,Jiangsu,China;Sichuan Meteorological Observatory,Chengdu 610091,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Southwest Mountain Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学滨江学院,江苏无锡214000 [3]四川省气象台,成都610091 [4]农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第1期231-240,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002202);2020年度江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX20_0928);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20180810);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(省重实验室2018-重点-05);农业和农村部西南山区农业环境重点实验室开放项目(AESMA-OPP-2019006)资助。

摘　　要：以草莓品种"红颜"为材料,采用人工控制试验对草莓苗进行动态高温(32℃/22℃,35℃/25℃,38℃/28℃和41℃/31℃;日最高温/日最低温)胁迫(2、5、8和11 d)处理,以28℃/18℃为对照(CK),测定各处理下草莓叶片的光合生理参数。通过主成分分析提取关键参数,并以此计算高温胁迫指数(Z),划分高温胁迫等级。结果表明:1)随着温度的升高,胁迫时间的延长,叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、光饱和点(LSP)、最大净光合速率(P_(max)),表观量子效率(AQE)和最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))呈下降趋势,而光补偿点(LSP)和暗呼吸速率(R_(d))呈上升趋势。2)高温阻碍PSⅡ中心类囊体能量的传递(ΔWOK>0),加速PSⅠ末端电子受体库的还原速率,在胁迫第11天时,除32℃外,其他高温处理下的放氧复合物(OEC)均失活。3)各高温处理下活性氧物质(H_(2)O_(2)含量和O_(2)^(-)·产生速率)和丙二醛含量(MDA)随胁迫天数增加呈上升趋势。4)各高温处理下保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量随着胁迫天数的增加呈现先上升后下降趋势。通过主成分分析提取Chl a、P_(max)、F_(v)/F_(m)和MDA作为关键指标,并计算Z值,将高温胁迫划分为正常(1≥Z>0)、轻度(2≥Z>1)、中度(3≥Z>2)、重度(4≥Z>3)和特重(Z>4)5个等级。研究结果可为温室草莓高温灾害防御及小气候环境优化调控提供依据。Strawberry variety‘Benihoppe’was used as the experimental material.The temperature treatments were set at 32℃/22℃,35℃/25℃,38℃/28℃and 41℃/31℃(daily maximum temperature/daily minimum temperature),and the stress days lasted for 2,5,8 and 11 d,with 28℃/18℃as the control.We measured the photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,reactive oxygen species,protective enzyme activity and membrane lipid peroxidation of strawberry under different high temperature treatments.The key indices were extracted by principal component analysis.The high temperature stress index(Z)was defined to divide the high temperature stress grade.The results showed that 1)with the aggravation of high temperature stress and the extension of stress time,chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),carotenoid(Car),light saturation point(LSP),maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)),apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)and maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))decreased,while light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(R_(d))increased.2)High temperature hindered the energy transfer of thylakoid in PSⅡcenter(ΔWOK>0),and accelerated the reduction rate of PSⅠterminal electron receptor pool.On the 11 th day of the stress,except that under 32℃,all other oxygen evolution complexes(OEC)were inactivated.3)The content of reactive oxygen species(H_(2)O_(2)Content and O_(2)^(-)·production rate)and malondialdehyde(MDA)increased with the stress days under different high temperature treatments.4)The protective enzyme activities and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased with stress duration.5)Based on principal component analysis(PCA)and combined with the difficulty of index acquisition,Chl a,P_(max),F_(v)/F_(m)and MDA were extracted as the key indices,and Z value was calculated.Five high temperature stress grades were divided which were normal(0<Z≤1),mild(1<Z≤2),moderate(2<Z≤3),severe(3<Z≤4)and extra severe(4<Z).The results would be helpful for the prevention of st

关 键 词：光合参数 叶绿素荧光 抗氧化酶 活性氧物质 主成分分析 胁迫指数 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]