“契约”乡村在法治之前  

Contractual Rural Areas Before the Rule of Law

作　　者：吴佳昊 WU Jia-hao(Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215000)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2020年第5期5-15,共11页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：2017年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“《城乡规划法》实施状况评估及完善对策研究”(17JJ082005)。

摘　　要：中国乡村人口长期占全国总人口半数以上,从某种意义上讲,中国法治化就是乡村法治化。法治化需要相应的社会结构与思想观念以配合,即需要二者完成从"身份"到"契约"的转型。身份社会的社会结构是集体等级式的,思想观念是单一、非独立的;契约社会的社会结构是个人平等式的,思想观念是多元、独立的。我国传统社会是"身份性"的,其转型经历了新中国成立后集体化运动的阻滞,直到改革开放才步入正轨。"身份性"严重的乡村地区,天然与权力统治相契合而排斥法治,于是有学者提出了"送法下乡"的范式,即法治应在传统中汲取资源,但该范式并未分清乡土社会中的"身份性"要素与"契约性"要素,而这一区分,有助于缓解国家主导法治化导致的弊病。China’s rural population has accounted for more than half of the country’s total population for a long time.In this way,the development of the rule of law in the countryside leads to the development of the rule of law in China.The rule of law requires a corresponding social structure and ideology,that is,both need to complete the transition from"status"to"contract".The social structure of"status society"is collective and hierarchical,and its ideology is single and non-independent;the social structure of contract society is individual and equal,and its ideology is diversified and independent.China’s traditional society is"status-based",and its transformation experienced the stagnation of the collectivization movement after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and only came to the right track after the Reform and Opening Up.Rural areas with a strong"status"are naturally in tune with the rule of power and reject the rule of law.Some scholars have proposed the paradigm of"spreading the law to the countryside",that is,the rule of law should draw resources from tradition,but this paradigm does not distinguish between the"status"and"contractual"elements of rural society.However,this distinction can help alleviate the ills caused by state-led rule of law.

关 键 词：乡村法治化 身份社会 契约社会 从身份到契约 送法下乡 基层治理 法治本土资源 

分 类 号：D921.8[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]