不同施肥模式对麦稻两熟农田磷素径流流失和麦稻产量的影响  

Effects of different fertilization modes on phosphorus loss by surface runoff and grain yields of wheat and rice in the winter wheat-paddy rice rotation fields

作　　者：郭智[1] 刘红江[1] 张岳芳[1] 郑建初[1] 陈留根[1] 王鑫[1] 盛婧[1] GUO Zhi;LIU Hongjiang;ZHANG Yuefang;ZHENG Jianchu;CHEN Liugen;WANG Xin;SHENG Jing(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences∕Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Rural Agriculture,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所∕农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2021年第1期87-92,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0300908-02);农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放基金(KF2018-05)。

摘　　要：采用田间小区定位试验研究自然降雨条件下农户习惯性施肥(CK)、减量施肥(T1)及优化施肥(T2)等不同施肥模式对太湖流域麦稻两熟农田土壤磷素径流流失特征和麦稻产量的影响。结果表明:麦稻轮作农田地表径流排水主要分布于强降雨集中的水稻生长季,与降水量呈显著线性正相关关系。磷素径流流失集中在稻季,各处理的流失量占周年流失总量的66.65%—75.05%。在农户习惯性施肥(CK)条件下,麦季径流总磷平均质量浓度(0.36 mg∕L)显著高于稻季(0.19 mg∕L),但磷素径流流失量(0.47 kg∕hm^(2))却显著低于稻季(1.40 kg∕hm^(2))。减量施肥(T1)和优化施肥(T2)模式处理可显著降低麦季、稻季径流磷素质量浓度和麦稻周年磷素径流流失量。与CK相比,T1和T2处理显著降低麦稻周年TP径流流失量,降幅达22.62%和44.54%。在CK条件下,麦稻两熟农田磷素周年径流偏流失率达119.06 mg∕kg,T1和T2处理显著降低,偏流失率降幅达17.95%和41.22%。与CK相比,麦稻产量在T1、T2处理下均显著下降,T1与T2处理间产量无显著差异。可见,麦稻轮作种植模式下,稻季不施磷具有养分减排与作物稳产的协同效应。A field plot experiment was performed to study the effects of different fertilization modes on the characteristics of phosphorus(P)losses by surface runoff,grain yields of wheat and rice under straw return in a winter wheat-paddy rice rotation field in Taihu Lake Basin under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that surface runoff events were mainly distributed in the rice growing season with heavy rainfall,which showed a significant positive linear correlation between the quantity of surface runoff water and rainfall capacity.And phosphorus(TP)losses by surface runoff were also mainly distributed in the rice growing season,which accounted for 66.65%—75.05%of TP losses during the whole monitoring period including the wheat and rice growing seasons.In CK(conventional fertilizer application)treatment,the average TP concentration of surface runoff water in the wheat growing season(0.36 mg∕L)was significantly higher than that of rice growing season(0.19 mg∕L),but TP loss(0.47 kg∕hm^(2))was significantly lower than that of rice growing season(1.40 kg∕hm^(2)).Compared with CK,T1and T2 could significantly reduce TP concentrations of surface runoff water during the wheat and rice growing seasons,and TP losses during the whole monitoring period including the wheat and rice growing seasons.In which,compared with CK,T1 and T2 significantly reduced TP losses by 22.62%and 44.54%during the whole monitoring period,respectively.Furthermore,the partial factor productivity of phosphorus(PFPP)for wheat and rice grain reached 119.06 mg∕kg under CK treatment,and T1,T2 significantly reduced PFPP by 17.95%and 41.22%,respectively.Moreover,compared with CK,grain yields of wheat and rice decreased significantly under T1 and T2,but no significant difference was found between T1 and T2 in wheat grain yield and annual yield of wheat and rice grain.These results suggested that no P application during rice growing season had synergistic effect of phosphorus reduction and stable crop yield in the winter wheat-paddy rice ro

关 键 词：麦稻两熟农田 磷 地表径流 麦稻产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]