硝酸盐还原菌提高原油采收率研究进展  

Research progress on enhancing oil recovery by nitrate-reducing bacteria(NRB)

作　　者：佘跃惠 胡琳琪[1,2] 曾琦 顾永安 张凡[3] SHE Yuehui;HU Linqi;ZENG Qi;GU Yong’an;ZHANG Fan(School of Petroleum Engineering,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei;Cooporative Innovation Conter of Unconventional Oil and Gas(Yangtze University),Wuhan 430100,Hubei;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]长江大学石油工程学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心(长江大学),湖北武汉430100 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期70-78,共9页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“低渗致密油藏高效提高采收率新技术”(2017ZX05009-004);国家自然科学基金重点项目“低渗透油田提高原油采收率的生物化学基础研究”(NSFC51634008),“循环激活本源微生物提高原油采收率基础研究”(NSFC51574038)。

摘　　要：相比其他技术,微生物提高石油采收率(MEOR)以较少的能源投入和较低的成本提高石油产量,近年来得到突飞猛进的发展。硝酸盐还原菌(NRB)是兼性厌氧菌,是油藏中固有的本源微生物,能利用硝酸盐作为电子受体,降解单环芳香烃,产生驱油活性物,提高原油采收率,其主要驱油机制如下:诱导产生生物碳酸钙沉淀,降低孔喉半径和高渗透层渗透性,改善注入水波及效率;产生生物表面活性剂,改变油藏岩石润湿性,降低油水界面张力,促进原油乳化,改善原油流动性;硝酸盐还原介导降解轻质烃(如单环芳香烃),产生生物气体(氮气和二氧化碳),降低原油黏度,增加地层压力,通过乳化作用促进原油在孔隙介质中流动。对近年来这些方面的研究进展进行了总结和回顾,表明NRB能在原位油藏条件下,同时采取改善注入水波及效率和驱油效率途径提高原油采收率,具有广泛的应用前景。Microbial enhanced oil recovery(MEOR)process has been developed rapidly in recent years to effectively enhance oil recovery with much less energy input and capital cost than other technologies.Nitrate-reducing bacteria(NRB)are facultative anaerobe and the inherent source microorganisms in oil reservoirs.They can use nitrate as electron acceptor to degrade monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,generate oil-displacement active compounds and ultimately enhance oil recovery.The primary EOR mechanism of NRB is that it is able to induce biological calcium carbonate precipitation and reduce pore throat radius,which subsequently reduces the permeability of the high-permeable zones and increase the water-sweep efficiency.They also have the potential to generate certain bio-surfactants,alter reservoir rock wettability,and reduce the surface tension at the water-air interfaces,which help to emulsify the crude oil and improve its mobility.Furthermore,mediated nitrate reduction can contribute to the generation of biological gases(N 2 and CO 2)through the degradation of light hydrocarbons(such as monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons),which thus can reduce the viscosity of crude oil,increase formation pressure and promote the flow of crude oil in porous media through emulsification.The research progress on the above aspects in recent years has been summarized and reviewed in this paper.It is shown that NRB can enhance oil recovery by improving sweep efficiency and oil displacement efficiency simultaneously under the condition of in-situ reservoir,and has a wide application prospect.

关 键 词：硝酸盐还原菌 原位提高采收率 微生物提高采收率 微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀 石油烃降解 生物表面活性剂 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]