东北小兴凯湖沉积物POPs污染特征及生态风险评价  

Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of POPs Pollution in Sediments of Xiaoxingkai Lake in the Northeast China

作　　者：李慧[1,2,3,4] 李捷 宋鹏[4] 程云轩 焦立新[1,2,3] 杨亚铮 LI Hui;LI Jie;SONG Peng;CHENG Yun-xuan;JIAO Li-xin;YANG Ya-zheng(National Engineering Laboratory of Lake Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology,Chinese Resarch Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection for Drinking Water Sources,Chinese Resarch Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;National Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Resarch Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012 [4]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471000

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第1期147-158,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110900-005)。

摘　　要：采用GC-MS分析了小兴凯湖表层沉积物多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)和邻-苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的污染特征,探讨了污染物的主要来源及生物毒性风险.结果表明:①小兴凯湖沉积物中PAHs含量范围在82.1~534.6 ng·g^(-1)之间,西北湖区含量较高.沉积物中OCPs和PAEs含量范围分别在4.8~50.4 ng·g^(-1)和33.3~401.6 ng·g^(-1)之间,东南湖区含量较高;②沉积物中PAHs以3~5环化合物为主(占85%以上),主要为燃烧源,其中煤和薪柴燃烧贡献47%,汽油和柴油燃烧贡献39%,石油产品泄漏贡献14%.OCPs以六氯环己烷(HCH)为主(占78%),主要来源于新的林丹的使用和少量工业HCHs的输入.PAEs以邻-苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻-苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)为主(占94%),生活垃圾和工农业生产为其主要来源;③小兴凯湖沉积物中PAHs、OCPs和PAEs在东北地区处于低水平污染,相比于国内其他地区的湖泊河流,总体处于低污染水平,目前无生态风险,但部分点位OCPs具有中度生态风险.The pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),and phthalate esters(PAEs)in the surface sediments of Xiaoxingkai Lake were analyzed by GC-MS,and the main sources and biological toxicity risks of the pollutants were discussed.The results show that:①The content of PAHs in the sediments of xiaoxingkai lake ranged from 82.1 to 534.6 ng·g^(-1),and the concentration of PAHs in the northwestern port of the lake was higher.The content of OCPs and PAEs in the sediments ranged from 4.8 to 50.4 ng·g^(-1)and 33.3 to 401.6 ng·g^(-1),respectively.The concentration was higher in the southeastern lakes.②PAHs in the sediments were dominated by 3-5-ring compounds(accounting for more than 85%),which were mainly combustion sources,among which the combustion of coal and firewood contributed 47%,the combustion of gasoline and diesel contributed 39%,and the oil product leakage contributed 14%.The OCPs were mainly HCHs(78%)from the use of new lindane and the input of a small amount of industrial HCHs.The PAEs were mainly dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and diethyl phthalate(2-ethyl hexyl)ester(DEHP;94%),which were mainly derived from household garbage and common human articles.③Compared with other lakes in China,PAHs and PAEs in the sediments of Xiaoxingkai Lake are at a low pollution level,and there is no ecological risk at present,but some OCPs at some points present a moderate ecological risk.

关 键 词：持久性有机污染物(POPs) 小兴凯湖 污染特征 源解析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4