积灰对光伏电池板输出特性影响研究  

Effect of ash accumulation on output performance of photovoltaic panels

作　　者：牛海明[1] 崔青汝 刘厚旭 NIU Haiming;CUI Qingru;LIU Houxu(Beijing Engineering Research Center of Power Station Automation,Beijing GuoDianZhiShen Co.,Ltd,Beijing 102211,China;Guodian New Energy Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Beijing 102209,China)

机构地区：[1]北京国电智深控制技术有限公司(北京市电站自动化工程技术研究中心),北京102211 [2]国电新能源技术研究院有限公司,北京102209

出　　处：《热力发电》2021年第2期110-117,共8页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1500800)。

摘　　要：积灰对光伏电池板输出特性具有显著影响,且因地域、实验环境等因素不同存在较大差异。为此,本文分析了不同自然积灰的粒径分布特征,分别利用黄土、红土和高岭土,构造了我国不同地域自然积灰的模拟样本;搭建了由光伏电池阵列、MPPT控制器、上位机以及光强测量仪、温度测量模块等构成的实验平台,开展了积灰对光伏电池板的伏安特性、温度、相对透光率以及输出功率影响的测量实验;基于实验数据建立了相对透光率、相对发电效率与积灰密度关系的拟合模型。结果表明:随着积灰密度的增加,光伏电池板的温度、相对透光率和相对发电效率均逐渐降低,且降低幅度与积灰类型有关;应用算例表明,所建模型可用于光伏发电功率预测以及光伏电池板积灰的清洗周期选取。Ash accumulation has significant impacts on output characteristics of photovoltaic panels, and the impacts are quite different due to the influence of region, experimental environment and other factors. In response to this matter, the particle size distribution characteristics of different naturally deposited ash were analyzed, and the simulation samples of natural ash accumulation in different regions of China were constructed by using loess, laterite and kaolin respectively. An experimental platform composed of photovoltaic cell array, MPPT controller, host computer, light intensity measuring instrument and temperature measurement module was built up, and the effects of ash deposition on the volt-ampere characteristics, temperature, relative light transmittance and output power of photovoltaic panels were measured. Moreover, based on the experimental data, the fitting model was established for the relationship between relative light transmittance, relative power generation efficiency and ash density. The results show that, the temperature, relative light transmittance and relative power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panels decreased gradually with the increase of ash density, and the decrease was related to the type of ash deposition. The calculation results show that, the established fitting model can be used to predict the photovoltaic power under the condition of ash deposition and to determine the cleaning cycle of ash deposition on photovoltaic panels.

关 键 词：积灰 光伏电池板 温度 透光率 输出功率 清洗周期 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]