未婚怀孕:意外还是计划之内?——流动青年同居者的怀孕意愿与经历研究  

Premarital Pregnancy: Unintended or Planned? Pregnancy Desires and Experiences of Young Floating Cohabitants

作　　者：张亮[1] ZHANG Liang(Institute of Sociology,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院社会学研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2021年第1期32-41,共10页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新生代流动人口未婚同居的成因、趋势及社会效应研究”(项目编号:16BSH063)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：未婚怀孕现象在中国呈上升趋势,而且随着未婚同居的兴起,未婚怀孕越来越多地发生在同居伴侣中。本文通过分析来自35位有未婚怀孕经历(自己或伴侣)和30位正面临未婚怀孕风险的两类流动青年男女同居者的深度访谈材料,探讨了流动青年的同居怀孕意愿,以及导致或阻止他们在同居关系中怀孕的因素。研究发现,同居很大程度上增加了流动青年女性意外怀孕的风险,这种风险的增加往往是由于避孕时的疏忽大意和依赖有效程度较低的避孕方式所致,很少是因为缺乏避孕意识和知识。研究还发现,同居怀孕情况的增多部分取决于计划内怀孕的增多,同居关系特征、家庭期待和生育的年龄规范压力是影响怀孕意愿的关键因素,怀孕成为结婚准备过程中的一步,有时甚至是结婚前必要的一步。总之,在流动青年群体中,一种关于同居、怀孕和婚姻的联合决策模式正在形成,尽管这打破了组建家庭的传统顺序,但由婚姻来组织生育行为的社会规范并未被动摇。Premarital pregnancies are on the rise in China,especially among the growing numbers of cohabiting partners. This study explores their pregnancy desires and experiences with what causes or prevents the pregnancy among young floating cohabitants based on in-depth interviews with two types of cohabitants: 35 individuals with premarital pregnancy experience and 30 at risk of premarital pregnancy. We found that cohabitation has significantly increased the risk of unintended pregnancy among young floating women,often due to negligence in contraception or reliance on less effective contraceptive methods. We also found that the growth of pregnancy in cohabiting unions was governed at least in part by the growth of planned pregnancy. Cohabiting relationship characteristics,family pressure and the ages of cohabitants were key factors for pregnancy intentions. Conception was seen as a prelude to marriage,sometimes even as a necessary step to marriage. Overall,a pattern of joint decision-making on cohabitation,pregnancy and marriage is emerging among young floating population. Although the traditional sequence of family events has been broken,the social norms of organizing fertility by marriage have not been weakened.

关 键 词：未婚怀孕 怀孕意愿 计划内怀孕 流动青年同居者 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]