论近代新式教育与社会风俗的改观——以时务学堂为例看近代长沙社会风俗的改观  

On Modern New Education and the Improvement of Social Customs:On the Changes of Social Customs in Modern Changsha from the Example of Shiwu School

作　　者：薛其林 XUE Qilin(School of Marxism,Changsha University,Changsha,Hunan 410022,China;Changsha Institute of Culture,Changsha University,Changsha,Hunan 410022,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙学院马克思主义学院,长沙410022 [2]长沙学院长沙文化研究所,长沙410022

出　　处：《城市学刊》2021年第1期67-72,共6页Journal of Urban Studies

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学项目(17YBA024)。

摘　　要：特定时代、特定族群的风俗习惯,是该时代该族群文化的鲜活外化表现,是其显著的文化标识。社会风俗具有保守和开放的双重属性,社会风俗的改观是一场深层次的文化变革,是深层次的价值观念和思维方式变革的外化,是在内外生存环境变化触动下由新式教育引发的一场思想变革。创办于社会转型、中西文化交汇、观念变革之际的时务学堂,是中国近代新式高等教育的代表。在启迪民智、改造社会的目标指引下,时务学堂制定新学制新学规,倡导新的教育理念、新的教育内容、新型师生关系,促成了长沙社会观念的更新,带动了市民认知方式和行为方式的变化,成为影响长沙社会风俗改观的关键因素。在民权、平等、自由思想的影响下,三纲五常、男尊女卑等传统家庭伦理、社会伦理观念受到巨大冲击;在移风易俗风潮的影响下,男女平等、剪辫易服、妇女放足、婚姻自主、新式婚礼等新的文明风气和生活方式蔚然成风。长沙由“深闭固拒”“守旧忠君”的“铁门之城”一变而为“维新爱国”、变法自强、“全国最富朝气”的城市。The customs and habits of a particular era and a particular ethnic group are the vivid externalization of the ethnic group’s culture in that era and its significant cultural symbol.Social customs are both conservative and open.The change of social customs is a deep-rooted cultural change,the externalization of deep-rooted values and ways of thinking,and an ideological change triggered by new education under the change of internal and external living environment.Shiwu school,which was founded at the time of social transformation,the intersection of Chinese and Western cultures and the change of ideas,is the representative of modern higher education in China.Under the guidance of enlightenment and social reform,Shiwu school set new rules and regulations,advocated new educational ideas,new content of education,and new relationship between teachers and students,which contributed to the renewal of Changsha social idea and the change of citizens’cognitive mode and behavior.It has become the key factor influencing the change of Changsha social customs.Under the influence of the ideas of civil rights,equality and freedom,the traditional family ethics and social ethics have been greatly impacted.Under the influence of the trend of changing customs,new civilized customs and lifestyles such as equality between men and women,cutting braid,changing clothes,releasing woman’s feet,freedom of marriage and new weddings have become prevailing.Changsha has been transformed from a“iron gate city”with“deep isolation”that is“conservative and loyal”into“the most vigorous city in China”with“reform and patriotism”,“reform and self-improvement”.

关 键 词：近代新式教育 社会风俗改观 时务学堂 

分 类 号：G127[文化科学]