高产田氮磷钾肥对油菜产量性状的效应  

NPK Fertilizer in High Yield Field:Effect on Rapeseed Yield Characters

作　　者：张文学[1] 李殿荣[1] Zhang Wenxue;Li Dianrong(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第6期37-43,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“西北及黄淮地区强优势油菜杂交种的创制与应用”(2016YFD0101304);陕西省成果转化“高油双低油菜新品种秦优1618示范推广”(2020CGXNG-024)。

摘　　要：为了探索高产田氮磷钾肥处理及氮磷钾效应对油菜产量性状的影响,以‘秦油2号’和‘中油821’品种为材料,设置施纯氮0、180 kg/hm^(2),磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)各为0、90 kg/hm^(2),采用裂区设计,分析了N、P、K以及互作效应对油菜经济性状的影响。结果表明:氮磷配施比对照(空白)增产25.7%,比单施N、P、K分别增产21.6%、18.0%、37.9%;两个品种的产量均以N 180 kg/hm^(2)+P 90 kg/hm^(2)最佳,‘秦油2号’为3850.70 kg/hm^(2),‘中油821’为3096.26 kg/hm^(2)。‘秦油2号’在9个处理中都比‘中油821’极显著增产,平均增产22.2%,是营养基因型差异所致;综合效应分析得出氮磷交互效应对产量具有正向作用,但未达显著水平,而氮磷各自效应明显。进一步剖析增产原因,氮磷交互效应对‘秦油2号’单株角果数影响较大,对‘中油821’的株高和千粒重增加显著;磷的单独效应对‘秦油2号’的千粒重和‘中油821’的单株角果数影响最明显。本研究表明,氮磷配施的产量显著高于单施,配施增产主要原因是各自单独效应的累加;关中高产田氮肥用量180 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥90 kg/hm^(2)。To explore the influences of N,P,K fertilizer treatment and N,P,K effects on yield characters of rapeseed in high yield field,the rapeseed varieties‘Qinyou 2’and‘Zhongyou 821’were used as materials.Pure nitrogen was applied at 0 and 180 kg/hm^(2),while phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)was 0 and 90 kg/hm^(2) respectively to analyze the effects of N,P,K and their interaction on economic characters of rapeseed by split plot design.The results showed that the combined application of N and P increased the yield by 25.7% compared with control(blank)and increased the yield by 21.6%,18.0% and 37.9% respectively compared with the single application of N,P and K.The best yield of the two varieties was achieved by N 180 kg/hm^(2)+P 90 kg/hm^(2),3850.70 kg/hm^(2) of‘Qinyou 2’and 3096.26 kg/hm^(2) of‘Zhongyou 821’.The yield of‘Qinyou 2’increased significantly compared with that of‘Zhongyou 821’in all the nine treatments,with an average increase of 22.2%,which was due to the difference of nutritional genotypes.Comprehensive effect analysis showed that the interaction effect of N and P was positive on yield,but it did not reach a significant level,while the individual effect of N and P was significant respectively.Further analysis of the yield increase showed that the interaction effect of N and P had a great influence on the silique number per plant of‘Qinyou 2’,and significantly increased the plant height and 1000-grain weight of‘Zhongyou 821’.The single effect of P was the most significant on 1000-grain weight of‘Qinyou 2’and the silique number per plant of‘Zhongyou 821’.The study indicates that the yield under the combined application of N and P is significantly higher than that under their single application,and the accumulation of individual effect contributes the most to the yield increase,N application rate of 180 kg/hm^(2) with P application rate of 90 kg/hm^(2) is suitable in Guanzhong high yield field of rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 氮磷钾 高产田 效应 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S143.123[农业科学—肥料学]