石灰质量调查及添加量对糙皮侧耳熟料栽培的影响  

Quality Survey of Lime Auxiliary Material and Impacts of Lime Addition on Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivation

作　　者：刘天海[1,3] 苗人云 陈春秀[2] 刘理旭 周洁[2,3] 彭卫红 黄忠乾[2,3] 谭昊 Liu Tianhai;Miao Renyun;Chen Chunxiu;Liu Lixu;Zhou Jie;Peng Weihong;Huang Zhongqian;Tan Hao(Mushroom Research Center,Soil Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;Scientific Observation and Experimental Station for Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 610066;College of Biological Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi Jiangsu 214062)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所微生物室、四川省农业科学院食用菌研究中心,成都610066 [2]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所、四川省农业科学院食用菌研究中心,成都610066 [3]农业部西南区域农业微生物资源利用科学观测实验站,成都610066 [4]江南大学生物工程学院,江苏无锡214062

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第6期44-48,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业专项“作物秸秆基质化利用”(201503137);四川省创新能力提升工程项目“食药用菌物种资源与基因资源发掘与利用研究”(2016ZYPZ-028);国家自然科学基金“施用荧光假单胞菌对羊肚菌白霉病高发土壤中微生物区系的影响及病害压制研究”(31901119)。

摘　　要：石灰是食药用菌生产的重要辅料,研究旨在对当前食用菌栽培过程中使用的石灰辅料进行质量摸底,同时研究石灰在糙皮侧耳栽培中的最适添加量,达到精准指导糙皮侧耳和其他食用菌生产的目的。采用消化石灰物相分析法,对8份不同来源石灰的Ca(OH)_(2)、CaO、CaCO_(3)和MgO含量进行检测。同时选用7号石灰按不同比例添加至玉米芯培养料,栽培糙皮侧耳,比较各处理下菌丝生长、培养料pH变化、出菇产量情况。结果表明:仅2号、3号、7号石灰有效成分[Ca(OH)_(2)和CaO]比例较大,其余石灰样品的CaCO3或MgO杂质含量均较高。使用有效成分占比不低于96%的石灰样品(7号)进行栽培试验,结果表明这种石灰最适添加量为2%,此时培养料拌料后可达pH 9.53,堆料24 h后降至pH 7.72,经过36 h常压灭菌后下降至pH 6.35,基质中的菌丝生长速度最快、产量最高。研究揭示石灰质量问题可能成为影响食用菌生产的重要因素,使用质量较差的石灰不仅会增加生产成本,甚至会造成大规模减产。因此,在食用菌生产中,对石灰辅料进行成分检测也是关键。栽培糙皮侧耳时,当石灰有效成分达到96%以上时,2%的添加量即可有效提升培养料pH抑制杂菌生长,达到糙皮侧耳最适生长pH范围,获得高产、稳产。Lime is an important auxiliary material for producing edible and medicinal fungi.The aim of this study is to survey the quality of the lime auxiliary materials used in edible fungi cultivation at present,and optimize the amount of lime addition in oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus)cultivation,as a reference for production of P.ostreatus and other mushrooms.The contents of Ca(OH)_(2),CaO,CaCO_(3) and MgO in 8 lime samples of different sources were detected by phase-analysis of digested samples.No.7 lime was added to the corn-cob substrate with different proportions to cultivate P.ostreatus.The mycelial growth,pH change in the substrate,and fruiting yield were compared between different treatments.The assays showed that only No.2,No.3 and No.7 lime had high contents of effective constituents[Ca(OH)_(2) and CaO],while the other samples had high contents of impurities in CaCO_(3) or MgO.Using the No.7 lime with an effective constituent over 96%,the optimal amount of lime addition was 2% as shown by the cultivation experiments.At this ratio,the substrate mix could reach pH 9.53,reducing to pH 7.72 after 24 h,and further to pH 6.35 after a steaming sterilization for 36 h.In this substrate,the mycelia grew the fastest and the yield was the highest.It suggests that the quality of lime could be an important factor influencing mushroom production,using low-quality lime will increase the cost of production,and even cause yield decrease in large-scale.Therefore,in the production of edible fungi,it is crucial to pay attention to the quality of lime auxiliary materials.For P.ostreatus cultivation,merely 2% addition of lime can effectively increase the pH of the culture substrate and inhibit the growth of pollutant bacteria if the effective constituent of lime reaches 96%,that makes the cultivation substrate reach the optimum pH range for P.ostreatus growth thereby obtaining high and stable yield.

关 键 词：糙皮侧耳 石灰 添加量 PH 菌丝长速 产量 

分 类 号：S759.81[农业科学—森林经理学]